Majorana费米子在高能物理学中被定义为反粒子为其本身的粒子。到目前为止，在自然界中还没有发现它们以基本粒子的形式存在，但是在凝聚态物理学中，它们可以通过类电子和类空穴激发的叠加态的特殊激发的形式而存在。近年来，由于其科学价值以及在量子计算中的潜在应用价值，在凝聚态物理中寻找Majorana费米子已成为凝聚态物理的主要课题之一。凝聚态物理学中最常见的存在这种激发的系统是超导系统，这使它成为实现类似Majorana一样的激发（通常称为Majorana零能模）的绝佳场所。该项目的重点是寻找在非常规超导体上实现Majorana模的新机制，例如通过线缺陷和自旋轨道耦合实现时间反演不变拓扑超导体，一种已知的可以实现成对的Majorana零能模的系统。我们的研究对于在实验上更容易获取的系统（例如铁基超导体和铜基超导体）中实现Majorana费米子起着至关重要的作用。

Majorana fermions are defined in high energy physics as the particles whose anti-particle are themselves. So far they are not found as elementary particles in nature, but in the condensed matter physics, they can exist as a special form of excitation from the superposition of electron-like and hole-like excitations. In recent years, searching for Majorana fermions in the condensed matter becomes one of the major topics in the condensed matter physics due to its scientific value and potential application in quantum computing. The most common system in the condensed matter physics that holds this kind of excitations is the superconducting system, which makes it a wonderful playground for realizing the Majorana-like excitations which are usually called Majorana modes. This project focuses on searching for new mechanisms to realizing the Majorana modes on unconventional superconductors such as realizing the time-reversal-invariant topological superconductors through the line defects and spin-orbit coupling, which is known to hold Kramers pairs of Majorana zero modes. Our research is important for realizing the Majorana fermions in the experimentally more accessible systems such as the Iron-based superconductors and Cuprate superconductors.