牛奶中抗生素残留存在多样性和复杂性，给监控工作带来极大挑战。现有快速检测技术无法实现多残留同步检测，且样品处理繁琐。通过不同抗生素DNA适配体原位合成不同荧光颜色银纳米簇（AgNCs）可实现抗生素多残留同步检测，脂质体包裹DNA-AgNCs可减少牛奶成分对信号的干扰，但DNA-AgNCs与抗生素识别机理不明晰，牛奶样品中主要干扰因子不明确，限制了该技术的发展。围绕上述问题，本项目拟研究DNA-AgNCs与抗生素结合的构效关系，探明DNA-AgNCs和抗生素的识别机理，针对性地设计DNA碱基序列，获得高亲和力DNA-AgNCs；分析荧光光谱以阐明牛奶成分对荧光信号的干扰规律，明确主要干扰因子，确定包裹DNA-AgNCs的脂质体修饰方法和胆固醇含量以改变膜通透性，阻断干扰因子对荧光信号的干扰。构建高特异性、高灵敏度的多种抗生素残留同步检测方法，为我国牛奶中抗生素残留检测提供理论依据和技术保障。

The diversity and complexity of antibiotic residues in milk pose great challenges to monitoring. Existing rapid detection technologies cannot achieve simultaneous detection of multiple residues, and sample processing is cumbersome. Simultaneous detection of multiple antibiotic residues can be achieved by in situ growth of different antibiotic DNA aptamers to synthesize silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) with different fluorescent colors. Liposomal-encapsulated DNA-AgNCs can reduce signal interference from milk components. But the recognition mechanism of DNA-AgNCs and antibiotics and the main interference factors in milk samples are not clear, which limits the development of this technology. Focusing on the above issues, this project intends to study the structure-activity relationship between DNA-AgNCs and antibiotics, to identify the molecular recognition mechanism of DNA-AgNCs and antibiotics, and to specifically design the bases of DNA sequences in order to obtain high affinity DNA-AgNCs. Analyze the fluorescence spectrum to clarify the interference rule of milk components on the fluorescent signal, identify the main interference factors, and then determine the modification method of liposome encapsulates DNA-AgNCs and cholesterol content to change the permeability of the membrane and block the interference of interference factors on the fluorescence signal. Furthermore, a highly specific and sensitive method for the simultaneous detection of multiple antibiotic residues is established to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the detection of antibiotic residues in milk in China.