农村生活垃圾已经成为流域水环境安全和生态宜居乡村建设的重大威胁。如何科学选择最适宜的垃圾治理模式以实现长效治理目标，是当前我国流域地区农村生活垃圾治理理论研究和政策实践中亟待破解的重大难题。本项目以鄱阳湖流域为研究对象，构建基于交易成本经济学（TCE）的“交易成本-治理模式-治理绩效”的农村生活垃圾治理模式最优选择的理论和方法框架。以多元选择模型和质性方法解析交易成本对农村生活垃圾治理模式选择的影响机理；运用LCC、三阶段Bootstrap EBM、匹配差分和空间计量模型分析不同治理模式的治理绩效差异及其影响因素；采用MAS模型对不同治理模式的治理绩效进行事前仿真；最后运用IAD框架提出流域地区农村生活垃圾治理模式选择的政策方案。研究将为TCE在环境治理领域的运用提供更多的中国证据，为当前乡村振兴战略实施背景下加快推进我国农村环境治理体系和乡村治理能力现代化提供理论补充和政策方案。

Rural residential solid waste (RRSW) has become a major threat to water environment security and ecological livable rural construction in China. It is a priority to select the most suitable governance model of RRSW in order to obtain long-term efficiency. Taking the Poyang Lake watershed as the study area, this study aims to analyze the selection of governance model of RRSW, under the framework of transaction cost economics (TCE), to help policy makers design effective and efficient RRSW management policies. .To achieve this goal, this study uses multi-disciplinary methods and panel data from a large-scaled village-level survey. First, multinomial logit model and qualitative method are used to explore the impact mechanism of transaction cost on governance model selection of RRSW. Second, LCC, three-stage Bootstrap EBM, PSM-DID and spatial econometric models are employed to compare the performance of different governance models of RRSW and to analyze the influencing factors of performance disparity. We also conduct an ex ante assessment of the performance of different governance models of RRSW employing a multi-agent system method. Based on the above, we propose policy recommendations for the perfection of RRSW management policies in Poyang Lake watershed..Results of the proposed study would have great theoretical value and important policy implications. This study can offer more Chinese evidence for the application of TCE in environmental management. Meanwhile, this study would provide scientific political evidences for the Chinese government in order to construct scientific environmental management systems and to promote modernization of rural governance ability.