在全球环境变化和人类活动的影响下，森林降水养分输入和内部养分循环是当前森林生态水文学领域研究所关注的热点问题。以酸雨区庐山森林流域为例，本项目沿着海拔梯度建立不同景观单元（针叶林、落叶阔叶林、常绿-落叶阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林）观测样地，基于人工和高频自动监测相结合的水文水化学过程野外监测，明确海拔梯度上土壤性质、微气象和林冠特征的变化规律，辨析林内穿透雨、树干茎流和林冠截留量时空变化及其主要影响因素，利用统计方法定量识别林下穿透雨和树干茎流中水化学离子组成变化的关键控制因子，基于模型模拟揭示森林典型林种水化学离子交换与淋溶变化的内在机理，建立林下穿透雨、树干茎流水中水化学离子组成的时空异质性及其与降水再分配过程间定量关系，揭示庐山森林流域水文水化学过程、土壤性质与水质变化机制，将为庐山森林流域抗酸降酸林种遴选与水环境管理具有重要科学意义。

Under the influence of the global environmental changes and anthropological activities, precipitation nutrients input and its cycles in forest ecosystem have been considered the hotspot issues in the forest ecohydrological field at present. This research project was designed to establish an observatory in a forest watershed of Mt. Lu along different altitudes and landscapes (coniferous, deciduous broad-leaved, evergreen-deciduous broad-leafed, and evergreen broad-leafed forest). Based on the combination of the manual and frequently automatic monitoring on the hydrochemical processes, the research will elucidate the variations of soil properties, micrometeorological, and forest canopy characteristics; analyze the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of throughfall, stemfall and interception of forest canopy and its factors; identify the dominant factors on the hydrochemical ions of throughfall and stemfall based on the statistical methods, and reveal the mechanisms of hydrochemeical ions exchange and leaching changes among various forest via the simulation models; establish the quantitative relationships between the spatiotemporal variations of hydrochemeical ions from throughfall, stemfall and precipitation redistribution, and finally illustrate the mechanisms between hydrochemical processes, soil properties and forest water quality in this watershed. These findings will be important for antiacid-deacidification species selections and water environment management in the forest watershed of Mt. Lu.