Rainwater chemistry in a subtropical high-altitude mountain site, South China: Seasonality, source apportionment and potential factors
Rainwater chemistry in a subtropical high-altitude mountain site, South China: Seasonality, source apportionment and potential factors
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华南亚热带高海拔山区雨水化学：季节性、来源解析和潜在因素
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118786
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Fu Chongsheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li Jing;Wu Huawu;Jiang Pengju;Fu Chongsheng
对雨水化学的长期和频繁的观察提供了一个机会，以探索空气污染物排放的演变和排放控制措施的有效性。这项研究提出了雨水化学的变化，空气污染物排放的可能来源，以及2018-2020年期间在山降雨样品中离子种类的湿沉降通量。庐山位于中国南部。结果表明，年体积加权平均（VWM）的雨水pH值为5.8。87.7%的雨水样品VWM pH值在5.6以上，表明天山山区大气污染严重。庐山在研究期间的影响较小。雨水中的主要离子为硝酸根离子（NO3−）、带双电荷的正钙离子（Ca 2+）和铵离子（NH 4+），其中Ca 2+和NH 4+是雨水酸度的主要中和离子。雨水中的离子浓度的高度季节性变化之间观察到不同的离子种类，这是密切相关的气象条件和人为排放量存在于不同的季节。年湿沉降通量在整个时期内呈增加趋势。因此，NO3-的湿通量（76.3 kg ha− 1 yr −1）是硫酸盐的年湿沉降通量（SO 42-，21.7 kg ha− 1 yr −1）的三倍，这表明酸沉降仍然是Mt.的一个严重环境问题。庐山地区。正矩阵分解（PMF）和相关矩阵被用来确定五个来源的离子物种，包括老化海盐，化石燃料燃烧，农业，灰尘，生物质燃烧。这些研究结果可为制定排放控制政策，保护和管理中国南方生态环境的污染控制。
Long-term and frequent observation of rainwater chemistry provides an opportunity to explore the evolution of air pollutant emissions and the effectiveness of the emission control measures. This study presents variations in rainwater chemistry, possible sources of air pollutant emissions, and wet deposition fluxes of ionic species in the rainfall samples during 2018–2020 at Mt. Lushan located in South China. Results showed that the annual volume-weighted mean (VWM) pH of rainwater was 5.8. Moreover, the VWM of 87.7% rainwater samples had pH values above 5.6, which indicated that the atmospheric pollution at Mt. Lushan had less effect during the study period. The polytonic nitrate ion (NO3−), the doubly charged positive calcium ion (Ca2+) and the ammonium ion (NH4+) were the dominant ions in rainwater where Ca2+and NH4+were the main neutralizing ionic species for rainwater acidity. The highly seasonal variability of ionic concentrations in rainwater was observed among different ionic species, which is closely associated with meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions present in the various seasons. Annual wet deposition flux showed an increasing trend during the entire periods. Hence, the wet flux of NO3−(76.3 kg ha−1yr−1) was three times higher than the annual wet deposition flux of sulfate (SO42−, 21.7 kg ha−1yr−1), which points to the fact that acid deposition is still a severe environmental issue in the Mt. Lushan region. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and correlation matrix were used to identify five sources for ionic species, including aging sea salt, fossil fuel combustion, agriculture, dust, and biomass burning. These findings could be helpful in establishing emission control policies to protect and manage pollution control in the eco-environment in South China.
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