基于电子束时间展宽的高时间分辨X射线分幅技术研究

X射线分幅相机是惯性约束聚变（inertial confinement fusion, ICF）研究的重要诊断工具。目前，传统微通道板（microchannel plate, MCP）选通X射线分幅相机的时间分辨率已无法满足ICF聚变燃烧阶段的需求。为了提高时间分辨率，本项目采用电子束时间展宽技术来研制新型的时间展宽X射线分幅相机，利用电子束时间展宽系统对电子束的时间宽度进行展宽，然后使用MCP变像管对展宽后的电子束进行测量，从而提高时间分辨率。理论研究可得，电子束时间展宽技术可将时间分辨率由90 ps提高至5 ps。也进行了前期实验研究，获得了11 ps的时间分辨率，而未使用时间展宽系统时，时间分辨率为105 ps。本项目将对时间展宽的X射线分幅技术进行研究，主要研究内容：（1）相机理论研究；（2）电子束时间展宽系统研究；（3）大口径磁聚焦透镜研究；（4）相机实验研究。

X-ray framing camera is an important diagnostic tool for the laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF). In the currently, the temporal resolution of the traditional microchannel plate (MCP) gated x-ray framing camera is not satisfied the fusion burning period of ICF. In order to improve the temporal resolution, a new dilation x-ray framing camera using the pulse-dilation technology is presented. The electron pulse is dilated or temporally magnified due to the time dilation system. Then, the dilated electron pulse is detected by the gated MCP imager. Therefore, the temporal resolution of the dilation x-ray framing camera is better than that of the gated MCP framing camera alone. The theoretical results show that the temporal resolution is improved from 90 ps to 5 ps by using the pulse-dilation technology. It can be seen from the previous experiments that, the temporal resolution of the dilation framing camera is 11 ps, while that of the gated MCP framing camera is 105 ps. The time dilation x-ray framing technology will be researched in this project. The main research contents are, the theoretical research of the camera, the electron bunch time dilation system, the large aperture magnetic lens, and the experimental research of the camera.