三维多孔石墨烯材料已被证明在电化学能源方面具有重要的应用前景。到目前为止，由于受到多孔模板的影响，用化学气相沉积法（CVD）制备的三维多孔石墨烯一般都具有较大孔径和小的体积比表面积且孔径大小一般很难调控。针对此问题，申请人计划通过三元单相前体合金去合金化的方法制备一种扩散速率慢的外来金属掺杂的自支撑纳米多孔镍模板。相比纳米多孔纯镍，该模板具有提高的高温稳定性，因此在CVD生长石墨烯的过程中，该模板能够更好保持其纳米级小孔径结构，从而制备出更小孔径的管道状三维石墨烯。通过精确调控掺杂金属的种类/含量、CVD条件以及腐蚀移去镍基模板的条件等来调控纳米管道状石墨烯的孔径大小和金属纳米粒子（甚至单原子）的修饰并研究其孔径曲率变化、缺陷位点以及金属掺杂等对电化学性能的影响。本课题的实施有望制备出一系列孔径可调的柔性管道状石墨烯及其复合材料并提高其在电化学应用方面的性能，为将来设计三维石墨烯提供参考。

Monolithic three-dimensional porous graphene has been demonstrated to have great potentials in electrochemical energy-related areas. So far, due to the big pore Ni foam template, the porous graphene prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method usually exhibits a big pore size, small volumetric surface area and the pore size is difficult to be tuned. To solve this problem, the applicant plans to synthesize a kind of nanoporous nickel-based template doping with low-diffusion-rate metals by dealloying carefully designed single-phase ternary alloys. Compared with pure nanoporous Ni, the prepared Ni-based template possesses enhanced thermal stability. Thus, during the CVD process, the template can maintain its nanoscale porous structure, resulting in nanotubular graphene with smaller pores. By precisely controlling the content/kind of the low-diffusion-rate metals in the nanoporous template, the CVD growth conditions, and the corrosion of the template after the growth of graphene, we expect to prepare a series of small-pore nanotubular grpahene, and graphene decorated with metal nanoparticles, or even single metal atoms. By carrying out this study, it is also expected to figure out how the curvature of the pores, defect sites, and metal doping would affect the electrochemical performance. It would also be helpful for designing high-performance three-dimensional graphene materials in future.