针对云水资源开发利用的国家战略需要和云物理研究的科学需求，本项目提出探测云相态及粒子导向的全偏振激光雷达新技术与方法，通过构建新型全偏振激光雷达探测大气后向散射相矩阵，建立后向散射相矩阵与云粒子形态的相互映射关系，实现对云粒子相态和粒子导向的精准识别，解决传统线偏振激光雷达的退偏比在检测和识别云中粒子相态时易产生较大偏差甚至误判的技术瓶颈及科学难题。重点开展基于全偏振激光雷达的云相态及粒子导向探测原理与方法，不同相态云粒子建模与散射特性仿真计算，后向散射相矩阵反演云粒子相态及导向的理论与方法，全偏振激光雷达系统的优化方法与设计、实验系统构建与实验观测等研究。研究成果将为云相态和粒子导向的高精度识别提供新的探测思路和解决方法，并且可为云物理研究，特别是高层卷云探测与研究，以及描述雨滴蒸发、凝结及液水含量等云系降水潜力的研究提供科学探测手段与方法。

According to National strategic needs for the development and utilization of cloud-water resources and scientific demand for cloud physics detection, a new idea for fine identification of cloud phase and particle preferential orientation in cloud is proposed in this project. A polarization technique adapted for lidar is proposed to measure all elements of the volume backscatter phase matrix for oriented particles and randomly oriented particles, and polarization properties of oriented particles cannot be resolved by conventional polarization lidar systems and are capable of corrupting the interpretation of depolarization ratio measurements. The key research includes that, principle and method of total polarization lidar for fine detection and identification of cloud phase state and preferential orientation, simulation of cloud particle for different phase state and numerical calculation of scattering characteristics, inversion methods of cloud particle phase state based on backscatter phase matrix, optimization design and establishment of total polarization lidar, and experiment observation. A laboratory system of total polarization lidar will be constructed to obtain experimental data. The research will provide new ideas and solutions for high precision recognition of cloud phase and particle preferential orientation, and they can also provide high-precision detection technology, reliable methods and data for cloud physics research, artificial weather modification, especially artificial precipitation. In addition, total polarization lidar will be a useful tool in characterizing raindrop evaporation, coalescence and liquid water content.