膀胱过度活动症（OAB）是一种发病率较高、严重影响患者生命质量的疾病。骶神经调控（SNM）作为功能泌尿外科领域技术进步的代表，被推荐为治疗难治性OAB的有效疗法，但其作用机制不清。既往的机制研究多集中于外周神经通路，对大脑中枢参与SNM的作用机制研究甚少。近年来以功能核磁（fMRI）为代表的脑成像技术飞速发展，为脑功能研究提供了可靠手段。本课题基于上述背景，目的在于运用fMRI成像探索SNM治疗OAB的大脑中枢作用机制、发现术前预测治疗有效的指标。研究内容和方法：各选择25例女性特发性OAB患者、25例健康女性，每例健康者、OAB患者SNM手术前后均在尿动力学膀胱测压同时行任务态及静息态fMRI，分别比较术前健康及OAB患者、SNM有效组手术前后、SNM无效组手术前后、SNM有效及无效组手术前的fMRI数据，比较脑功能区域兴奋与抑制及网络连接的变化。研究具有很好的创新性、科学性和临床前景。

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a condition with high incidence, which has serious impact on the quality of life of the patients. Sacral neuromodulation (SNM), as a representative of the technical progress in the Functional Urology, is recommended for treatment of refractory OAB. However, the mechanism underlying is not clear. The past studies about the mechanism always focused on peripheral nerve pathways, but the effects of SNM on brain have been less explored. In recent years, the rapid development of brain imaging technology, represented by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), provides a reliable method for studying on brain function. Based on this background, the aim of this study is to explore the brain mechanism of SNM in treatment for OAB, to discover the predictor of successful implantation for SNM device. The contents and methods: 25 patients with idiopathic OAB and 25 normal volunteers will be included. All subjects underwent fMRI scanning, including task-state fMRI and resting-state fMRI, cystometry at the same time. Then, the brain function data of normal volunteers and OAB patients, data of OAB patients before and after implantation, data of OAB patients with non-implantation after testing stimulation, will be compared, to evaluate the functional changes of brain activity. This is an innovative and scientific study, which has a good prospect for clinical application.