尘肺病是职业病之最。目前，对尘肺的临床诊断多采用询问职业病史并结合影像学的手段。一旦确诊，病情将无法逆转。因此，寻找较为特异的标志物是研究者竭力探索的一个领域。. 乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholinesterase，AChE）不仅是胆碱能神经传导系统的关键酶，而且还参与了包括细胞增殖、黏连、和凋亡在内的诸多生物学事件。尘肺发病分子进程与AChE功能存在交集（如凋亡等）。此外，某些肺部疾病（和尘肺病理相关）患者血清中AChE酶活性有显著变化。基于以上两点，我们提出如下科学假设：AChE可能在尘肺发病过程中扮演重要角色。在所有尘肺类型中,煤工尘肺占比最高。. 本课题旨在研究煤工尘肺患者血清内AChE酶活性的变化，同时结合细胞暴露实验（大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞NR8383），探讨AChE在煤工尘肺发病过程中发挥的作用，同时探讨将AChE酶活性纳入煤工尘肺早期临床辅助诊断的可能性。

Pneumoconiosis is one of the top occupational diseases. At present, the clinical diagnosis of pneumoconiosis is initially treated with imaging means combined with occupational history taking. Once diagnosed, the condition is irreversible. Therefore, looking for more specific biomarkers is one of the research highlights. . Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is not only the key enzyme of cholinergic neurotransmitter system, but also involved in various biological events, including cell proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis and so on. Notably, the molecular processes of pneumoconiosis overlaps with AChE physiological function (apoptosis). In addition, the serum AChE enzymatic activities change significantly in serum from certain lung disease patients (closely correlated with pathological conditions). Based on the above two points, we propose the following scientific hypothesis - AChE may play an important role in the processes of pneumoconiosis incidence. Among all the categories of pneumoconiosis diseases, coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (CWP) accounts for the highest percentage. . This project primarily aims at determining the change trends of the serum AChE enzymatic activities in patients with CWP. Meanwhile, combined with cell exposure experiments (rat pulmonary alveolar macrophage cell line, NR8383), we aim to elucidate the regulatory networks of AChE in the molecular processes of CWP incidence, and explore the possibilities of bringing AChE into the early clinical auxiliary diagnosis of CWP.