立枯丝核菌AG-3的有性孢子在病害循环中的作用机制研究

立枯丝核菌体细胞一般为多核，且自然条件下很少产生有性孢子，有性生殖在病害循环中的作用尚属未知。近年来在我国不断加重的AG-3TB亚群却能在烟草上产生大量的有性孢子，同属AG-3群的马铃薯黑痣病（PT亚群)，则以菌丝侵染马铃薯块茎，在表皮上形成黑色或暗褐色的病斑。项目组在前期工作发现同一融合群中一个亚群在烟草上产生生活力及侵染力都强的有性孢子侵染叶片，而另一亚群在其他茄科植物上以菌丝侵染地下组织，在丝核菌病害中非常罕见，提供了十分独特的研究材料。本项目拟通过丝核菌AG-3的上述两个亚群产生有性孢子的寄主选择性和寄主特异性的系统研究，结合有性孢子在不同条件下生活力及侵染力比较，后代遗传差异的比较，探明丝核菌有性孢子在病害循环中的作用；通过两个亚群与寄主互作过程中的毒素和效应蛋白等关键致病因子的异同分析，揭示丝核菌AG-3有性生殖对烟草和马铃薯等重要作物的致灾机制及潜在风险。

Rhizoctonia solani are usually multinucli, and there are few sexual spores in natural conditions. The role of sexual reproduction in the spread of disease is still unknown. In recent years China's growing anastomosis group(AG)-3 TB subgroup can produce a large number of basidiospores in tobacco, belong to the AG-3 group of potato black scurf (PT subgroup), the mycelia infect potato tuber formation, black or dark brown spots on the skin. The same AG in a subgroup in tobacco produced on the viability and infectivity of strong basidiospores infect leaves, while the other subgroup in other Solanaceae plants to hypha infection underground in the Rhizoctonia disease is very rare, provides research materials for the project is very unique. This project through the system research of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 above two subgroups produce basidiospores host selectivity and host specificity, combined with basidiospora under different conditions of viability and pathogenicity, differences in genetic offspring, proven Rhizoctonia basidiosporas in the infection cycle of action; the similarities and differences two subgroups of interaction with host protein toxins and effectors in the process of the key virulence factor analysis revealed AG-3 sexual reproduction of tobacco and potato and other important crops caused by disaster and risk mechanism, strategies and provide the basis for effective management of Rhizoctonia disease.