生物类群的进化与地球环境及其演变之间的关系是地球生物学研究的核心内容之一。前期研究表明，青藏高原造山运动及相关环境事件导致了绢蝶属蝶类的形成和快速辐射演化。迄今为止，有关绢蝶属时空分化的主要驱动因素及其对高原极端环境适应的分子生物学机制尚不清楚。本项目拟对我国青藏高原及其周边地区分布的绢蝶属主要代表种类及其部分种内多个地理居群进行较大规模的多基因测序、转录组测序及环境适应相关功能基因的筛选，运用分子系统学和谱系地理学方法，重建绢蝶属主要亚属间、种间和部分物种地理种群间的稳健系统树和谱系生物地理格局；同时，通过地史上主要环境演变事件的关联分析，探讨绢蝶属物种形成和分化的多样性动态模式及主要环境驱动因子。另外，基于不同生态类型（地理、海拔分布等）的物种间和种内居群间一些关键基因的差异表达和正选择分析，探讨绢蝶属蝶类对高原极端环境的适应性分子进化机制。

The relationship between of organism’s biological evolution and earth's environments is one of the hardcores in the study areas of earth-life system. Previous studies revealed that the origin and rapid diversification of Parnassius butterflies are probably driven by the orogenic movement of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the related earth's environmental events. However, up to the present, little is known about their spatio-temporal diversification, the underlying internal and outer factors, as well as their adaptive molecular evolution to the extreme environmental factors. This project attempt to determine and analyse the transcriptomes of some Chinese representative Parnassius butterfly species on a large-scale and massively reconstruct their phylogeny and phylogeography using multiple analytic methods on the intra- and inter-species levels, based on the results of related previous studies; meanwhile, the project also attempt to investigate the diversity dynamics model and the key driving factors of Parnassius groups through phylogenetic analysis correlating with the corresponding environmental changes in the earth's history. Additionally, the project aims to investigate the adaptive molecular evolution of the ecologically differentiated Parnassius groups to the extreme environments where they inhabited through analyses of differentially expressed genes and the postively selected genes of the transcriptomes newly determined.