华山松（Pinus armandii）及其近缘种的进化历史和气候变迁

新生代以来剧烈的地质和气候变化，特别是第四纪冰期和间冰期的反复交错对北方和温带植物类群的地理分布格局、群体结构和遗传多样性造成了深刻影响。植物的群体进化历史研究可以揭示其适于或制约适应性进化的能力并有助于预测对未来环境变化的响应。华山松及其近缘种（乔松、不丹松、毛枝五针松、海南五针松、大别山五针松等）是我国重要的森林树种，具有重要的经济和生态价值。这些五针松主要分布于我国中、南部和西南地区，覆盖了中国裸子植物六个多样性中心的四个。华山松的分布范围最广，从秦岭、大巴山到云贵高原和横断山区均有自然分布。本项目中，我们拟利用叶绿体、线粒体和核基因标记对华山松及其近缘种开展谱系生物地理学研究。通过基因的谱系分析，结合化石和地质资料，探讨新生代以来全球气候变化以及青藏高原隆升对华山松及其近缘种的群体历史、分布格局、遗传多样性以及物种分化和物种形成的影响，同时为濒危五针松物种的保护和利用提供依据。

Geological events and dramatically global climate changes over the Cenozoic, in particular Quaternary climatic fluctions, have had remarkable influences for most boreal and temperate flora in their distribution, population structure and genetic diversity. Studies on the evolution of plant populations during historical fluctuations in climate can reveal the capacity for and constraints on adaptive evolution and may help inform predictions about evolutionary responses to future environments. Pinus armandii and its close relatives are ecologically and economically important forest trees in China. They are mainly distributed in the Central, South and Southwest China, covering four species richness and diversity centers of Chines gymnosperm. Among these species, Pinus armandii has the broadest geographic distribution, ranging from Qinling and Dabashan Mountains to Yungui Plateau and Hengduan Mountains. In this project, we will address the questions of the evolutionary history, species differentiation and speciation, population structure and genetic diversity of Pinus armandii and its close relatives based on chloroplast, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers by employing a phylogeography approach. The genetic and paleobiological data combined will help our understanding of how these species have so affected by the globle climate changes over the Cenozoic and the uplift of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and also provide a basis for the management and conservation of the endangered five-needle pines.