放疗是治疗恶性肿瘤的重要且有效的手段，在临床上被广泛应用于肿瘤治疗。放疗在直接杀死肿瘤细胞的同时，也可以对机体免疫细胞的功能活化及分化产生直接影响。研究已经证实肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tumor-associated macrophages，TAMs）可加快肿瘤进程，并且已经被作为重要的靶点用于肿瘤的免疫治疗。巨噬细胞具有较强的可诱导性，在不同的微环境中可表现出不同的表型及功能，那么放疗能否引起巨噬细胞包括TAMs表型及功能变化从而实现对TAMs的重编程使其成为抑制肿瘤的M1巨噬细胞呢，以及放疗影响TAMs重编程的相关机制如何呢？将肿瘤放疗与靶向TAMs的生物治疗联合应用于肿瘤治疗将会有非常重要的前景。因此，探讨放疗对肿瘤相关巨噬细胞功能极化的影响及其相关机制将具有十分重要的意义。

Radiotherapy is an important and effective method to treat malignant tumor and is widely used in tumor therapy clinically. Radiotherapy can directly kill tumor cells, but also directly affect the functional activation and differentiation of immune cells. Studies have shown that TAMs can accelerate tumor progression, and have been used as an important target for tumor immunotherapy. Macrophages have strong inducibility and can exhibit different phenotypes and functions in different microenvironments, so how radiotherapy can change phenotypes and functions of TAMs and reprogramme it into the anti-tumoral M1-like macrophages? What is the mechanisms of reprogramming? The combination of radiotherapy with immunotherapy which is targeted on TAMs for the treatment of tumors will have a promising future. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the effects of radiotherapy on the functional polarization of TAMs and its mechanisms.