木质素破解是木质纤维素生物转化为能源乙醇的关键环节，如何高效、低碳地降解木质素是当前生物质转化利用中亟待解决的科学难题。在自然界中寻找木质素降解酶并对其进行改造是解决这一科学难题的重要途径。白蚁是以木质纤维素为食的昆虫，具有高效的木质素降解能力。漆酶是降解木质素的关键酶，具有广泛的工业应用前景。本项目拟以低等的黄胸散白蚁内源性漆酶为对象，运用荧光免疫技术定位其在白蚁肠道中的分泌与催化部位，采用RNAi技术探明其在白蚁肠道木质素化学结构变化中的作用，然后，利用定点突变技术，对克隆到的漆酶基因进行分子修饰，分析突变漆酶的结构与功能，根据漆酶的理化特性，优化表达体系，初步建立具一定应用价值的漆酶工程菌，为今后利用白蚁源漆酶提供理论基础，为生物乙醇高效木质素预处理提供技术支持，因此，本项目具有重要的理论和现实意义。

Lignin cracking is the key aspects in bioconversion of lignocellulose into ethanol. How to realise efficient and low-carbon degradation of lignin in the present utilization of biomass conversion is a scientific problem that needs solving urgently. Therefore, seeking and modifying lignin degradation enzymes in the nature is considered to be one of the important approaches for solving the problem. Termite is a kind of wood-feeding insects and possesses efficient capability to decompound lignin. Laccase is the key enzyme playing a part in lignin degradation and has extensive potential in various industrial applications. In this project, the following work will be done: (1) the function of endogenous laccase in lignin chemical structure in the lower Reticulitermes flaviceps will be determined using RNAi technology, (2) the secretion and catalytic sites in the gut of R. flaviceps will be determined through immunofluorescence technique, (3) the gene encoding laccase will be cloned and modified by site-directed mutagenesis, (4) the engineering bacteria expression system of laccase with potential application will be constructed through optimization of training conditions. The project will provide not only theoretical foundation on application of termite-originating laccase in industrial field, but also technical support of the lignin pre-treatment in the process of bioethanol production in the future.