风蚀坑是固定沙丘开始活化的明显标志。在腾格里沙漠人工植被区，近年来由于环境条件的恶化，多处地表形成大小不等的风蚀坑，已经严重威胁到了该区域人工植被生态系统的稳定性及生态服务功能的发挥。这些风蚀坑是如何形成的，又如何对其进行治理？成为我们亟需解决的关键科学问题。为此，本研究选择腾格里沙漠南缘包兰铁路沙坡头段沿线不同年代建植的人工植被区。利用实时动态差分定位技术（RTK）定量描述不同演化阶段风蚀坑的形态及空间分布特征；重点分析影响风蚀坑形成及演化的水分、土壤、气象、生物和地形等因子的作用，长期定位观测和风洞模拟风蚀坑的蚀积格局及空气动力学过程，揭示人工植被区风蚀坑形成的生态水文学机理；选择草方格沙障、粘土沙障、灌木、草本及其组合等多种方式对风蚀坑进行治理，确定在不同的立地条件下（丘顶、丘间低地、迎风坡和背风坡），最优的治理措施。为广袤的干旱荒漠人工植被区风蚀坑的治理提供理论依据及技术支持。

Blowouts are precursors to dune reactivation. In recent years, a large number of blowouts were found in the revegetated desert areas of the Tengger Desert due to the extremely droughty climate and harsh environments, which have seriously threatened the stability of the revegetated ecosystem and its ecological service functions in this area. Thus, how these blowouts were formed and distributed, and then how to control them had become a key scientific issue that we needed to solve urgently. Therefore, in this study, sample strips were selected along the Baotou-Lanzhou railway at different revegetated areas in the Tengger Desert. Real Time Kinematic (RTK) technique was used to quantify the spatio-temporal distribution of blowouts at different age-related revegetated areas based on the space-for-time substitution method. The influences of water, soil, biology, meteorology and topography on the formation and succession of blowouts were mainly analyzed. Long term field observation and wind tunnel simulate experiments were used to study the airflow and aeolian sediment transport patterns within the blowouts, and then, the ecohydrological mechanisms of blowout formation were revealed. Straw checkerboard barriers, clay barriers, shrubs, herbs and their combinations were selected to control the blowouts. And finally, the optimal controlling measurements were determined under different micro-geomorphology sites (crest, hollow, windward slope and leeward slope). Our results would provide the theoretical basis and technical supports for the control of blowouts in the broad revegetated desert areas in arid and semi-arid zones.