花生是我国重要的油料和经济作物，其遗传基础狭窄，分子育种进展缓慢。通过关联分析发掘新的基因资源和创新育种手段会加速花生分子育种进程。以往关联分析大都采用SSR或SNP，而mTE（微型转座子）插入多态性和SV可能是两类对基因组和表型的影响远大于SSR和SNP的基因组结构变异。基于此，本项目在已有研究基础和最近获得的中国和美国的栽培种花生全基因组序列基础上，1）拟利用其全基因组序列和栽培种花生的重测序数据，分别挖掘全基因组mTE插入多态性和SV；2）开展mTE插入多态性和SV与重要农艺性状的关联分析，发掘与重要农艺性状关联的mTE插入多态性和SV，挖掘与重要农艺性状关联的候选基因；3）明确mTE插入多态性和SV对栽培种花生关联基因和表型的影响。本项目旨在建立mTE插入多态性/SV-基因-表型的关系，解决花生分子育种优异基因资源和先进挖掘技术的缺乏问题，为花生分子育种提供新策略和新技术。

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and economic crops in China. But its narrow genetic background made the process of peanut molecular breeding relatively slow. Exploring new gene resources through association mapping analysis and innovating new breeding approach will accelerate the process of peanut molecular breeding. In the past, SSR or SNP was used mostly for association mapping analysis, while mTE (miniature transposable element) insertion polymorphisms and SV (structure variation) were the two genomic structural variation types that had greater effects on genome and phenotype than SSR and SNP. Based on the existing research basis and the whole genome sequences of Chinese and American cultivated peanut, this project aims to: 1) mine mTE insertion polymorphisms from the whole genome sequences of Chinese and American cultivated peanut and SV from the resequencing data of cultivated peanut; 2) conduct the association mapping analysis of mTE insertion polymorphisms and SV with important agronomic traits, explore mTE insertion polymorphisms and SV associated with important agronomic traits and mine the candidate genes associated with important agronomic traits; 3) clarify the effects of mTE insertion polymorphisms and SV on related genes and phenotypes of cultivated peanut. The aim of this project is to establish relationships between mTE insertion polymorphisms/SV and genes and phenotypes. This project will solve the problem of lack of excellent gene resources and advanced techniques for peanut molecular breeding and provide new strategies and techniques for peanut molecular breeding.