锑污染是当今社会极其严峻的矿山环境问题，深入理解锑元素的生物地球化学循环是亟待解决的重要科学问题，也是实现矿区周边锑污染治理的先决条件。矿区微生物介导的厌氧锑氧化过程是连接好氧氧化与厌氧还原之间的桥梁，但对这一关键环节的认识仅局限在少数单菌株的厌氧锑氧化能力层面，亟需在群落和分子水平开展系统研究。本项目以湖南锡矿山锑污染厌氧土壤为研究对象，采用环境地球化学、土壤微生物学及功能基因组学等多学科研究手段，通过构建外加硝酸盐的厌氧微宇宙体系，识别硝酸盐依赖型锑氧化微生物类群，揭示锑的氧化与硝酸盐还原之间的耦合关系。通过多元相关性分析，解析厌氧锑氧化过程的生物作用与化学作用，并基于转录组学分析，在功能基因水平阐明高效菌株的厌氧锑氧化分子机制。本研究可加深对矿区自然环境中土著微生物介导的厌氧锑氧化行为的理解，提高对微生物厌氧锑氧化分子机制的认识，对深入理解锑元素的生物地球化学循环具有重要意义。

Antimony pollution is a severe environmental problem in mining areas nowadays. Understanding the biogeochemical cycle of antimony is a significant scientific problem that urgently needs to be addressed, and also a prerequisite for antimony pollution control around mining areas. The microbial-mediated anaerobic antimony oxidation is a link between aerobic oxidation and anaerobic reduction. However, the understanding of this crucial link is only limited to the anaerobic antimony oxidation ability of a few strains. It is urgent to carry out studies at the microbial community and molecular level. In this work, the anaerobic antimony contaminated soils in the mining area of Xikuangshan, Hunan province, will be sampled and studied using environmental geochemistry, soil microbiology and functional genomics. The anaerobic microcosmic system will be constructed to identify the nitrate-dependent anaerobic antimony oxidation microorganisms with additional nitrate, and reveal the correlation between anaerobic antimony oxidation and nitrate reduction. Furtherly, the biological and chemical mechanism of anaerobic antimony oxidation will be analyzed at strain level by multivariate correlation analysis. The molecular mechanism of anaerobic antimony oxidation of efficient strains will be explored at the functional gene level by transcriptome sequencing. This study can deepen the understanding of the anaerobic antimony oxidation mediated by indigenous microorganisms in the natural environment of the mining area and improve the knowledge of the molecular mechanism of microbial-mediated anaerobic antimony oxidation. It is of great significance for understanding the biogeochemical cycle of antimony.