有机污染物的厌氧处理过程由多种微生物协同完成，微生物群落构成及功能一直被认为是“黑匣子”。前期工作中发现OP9、WWE1等未培养门水平微生物在酒糟厌氧消化体系中优势存在,并且发现丙酸和氨基酸可以支持WWE1门微生物生长，揭示了WWE1可能是新型厌氧互营丙酸氧化细菌，但由于没有模式菌株，其功能尚不清晰。通过本项目研究，进一步探明这类未培养微生物在厌氧系统中的多样性，考察发酵原料类型与微生物菌群间的响应关系；通过宏基因组学分析优势未培养微生物，获取关键基因信息，推测其代谢功能；利用寡营养培养法、共生培养法、环境模拟培养法等分离培养策略，探索未培养微生物的可培养方法；开发利用功能微生物的生物强化技术，建立强化微生物在反应器中优势生长的调控技术。本研究对于挖掘厌氧微生物资源和提高厌氧消化技术具有一定的理论意义和实际价值。

The anaerobic biological treatment of organic pollutants is accomplished by the cooperation of various microorganisms. Specialized and complex microbial communities and functions in anaerobic fermentation have been considered to be the "black box". We previously found that OP9, WWE1 and other phylm-level yet-uncultivated bacterial lineages were dominantly detected in methanogenic distillate treatment systems. We found propionate and amino acids could support the growth of WWE1, suggesting it might be a novel type of syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium. However, their physioloy and function remain largely enigmatic due to a lack of cultivated representatives. In this project, the microbial structure and diversity in anaerobic lignocelluloses treating system will be studied through 16SrRNA gene analysis. The relationship among reactor operating conditions, microbial community structures and function will be revealed by molecular techniques. Cultivation-independent genomic approaches will be used to provide the phylogeny, conserved genomic features and metabolic potential of members of this ubiquitous candidate phyla. Isolation methods of key uncultured microbes will be studied based on the combination of traditional cultivation and molecular methods. Bioaugmentation technique based on microbial design and control will be developed, which will be beneficial for promoting the performance of anaerobic lignocellulosic biomass fermentation system. This study has theoretical and practical value for exploring anaerobic microbial resources and improving anaerobic digestion technology.