讫今，皮肤瘢痕形成机理仍不十分清楚，致其预防与治疗效果均十分有限。肌成纤维细胞是瘢痕形成中最主要功能细胞，一般认为它来源于成纤维细胞。我们在上一基金及前期研究中发现，表皮干细胞通过转分化可能是创面中肌成纤维细胞的另一重要来源，并发现，P311可能在其中起着重要作用。文献与我们前期研究结果进一步提示，P311可能是通过TGFβ/Smad-Rho GTP酶/Rho激酶信号途径促进表皮干细胞向肌成纤维细胞转分化。为此，我们提出 "烧伤- P311-TGFβ/Smad-Rho GTP酶/Rho激酶-表皮干细胞向肌成纤维细胞转分化-瘢痕形成" 的新假说。拟通过转基因技术、基因敲除动物、活细胞工作站等技术进行体内外实验研究证实我们的设想。本课题的顺利完成，将明确表皮干细胞的转分化是烧伤瘢痕形成中肌成纤维细胞的另一重要来源，这将进一步丰富与完善瘢痕形成机理，并为皮肤瘢痕的预防与治疗提供新靶点与新线索。

Scar formation is still a great challenge not only for patients but also medics. The mechanism of scar formation is not illustrated clearly yet, therefore either the effect of prevention or treatment is very limited. Myofibrolast is the main functional cell in scar formation, which is believed to be derived from fibroblast. In our last project and primary experiment, it was found that epidermal stem cell maybe was another important source of myofibroblast in scar formation after burn injury. And our primary research also show P311, a new found gene, probalblely played a vital role in the transdifferentiation of epidermal stem cell to myofibroblast. Moreover, from our previous study and literatures,it is suggested that P311 facilitate epidermal stem cell to transdifferentiate to myofibroblast through TGFβ/Smad-Rho GTPase/Rho kinase signal pathway. Therefore, we think there may be an new hypothesis of "burn-P311- - -TGFβ/Smad-RhoGTPase/Rho kinase　-　transdifferentiation of epidermal stem cell to myofibroblast-scar formation". In this project, we expect to prove our hypothesis by gene knockout animal, gene transferring, viable cell station, pulldown and other techniques. With the accomplishment of this project, it will be stated that epidermal stem cell should be another important source of myofibrobalst by transdifferentiation and P311 plays a vital role in this process, which will rich and consummate the mechanism of scar formation and supply new target and clue for the prevention and treatment of scar after burn injury.