本项目以技术机会理论的视角，认为企业在内部资源有限，外部产业环境受限的情形下，企业创新行为会受到政府政策的诱发。因此，本项目梳理国内外有关创新政策绩效评价理论与方法体系的基础上，结合处于不同生命周期的具体产业特性，以完整分析模型分析政府创新政策的认同度与实施绩效，计划以配对方式的不相等控制组准实验设计作为影响评估的检验方法，以工具变量为控制函数的回归分析作为效率评估的检验方法，开展政府资助中小企业创新活动的影响评估与效率评估。并且，通过研究影响政府研发补助与企业创新活动的干扰因素，提供符合我国中小企业的政策建议，将研究结果反馈至政府制定中长期规划的战略和过程中，这不仅是下一步发展的科学决策的前提和基础，而且对我国科技、经济和社会的发展也具有重要的现实意义。

The central objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of government R&D subsidies based on technological opportunity theory. It is believed that the behavior of the enterprise's innovation would be induced by the government's innovation policies due to the restriction of internal resource and external environment. The study would answer the follow questions：Does governmental intervention in the shape of direct subsidies for innovation increase the input into innovation? In particular, does it increase the private input into innovation? Do government subsidies for innovation raise the innovation output? Does the increase in innovation input determine the improvements in innovation output? Which factors will moderate this relationship between government subsidies and business innovation activities? The study evaluates the effect of government subsidies on SMEs's innovation impact assessment and efficiency assessment. The study evaluates the policy impact by a quasi-experimental design and examines the efficiency by an econometric model. The study would feedback the research result to the government to make the long-term planning strategy. It is not only to improve the scientific decision making foundation and process, but also has the important practical significance to the development of our country's science and technology, economic and social.