草菇有性生殖类型的生物学验证及其兼性配合特性研究

草菇是我国食用菌产业中一种重要栽培品种，有性生殖类型是草菇研究中一直存在争议的基本生物学问题，这在一定程度上阻碍了草菇杂交育种研究的深入开展。本项目计划在已经完成草菇全基因组测序的前期工作基础上，拟广泛收集草菇野生菌株和栽培菌株，综合运用显微观察、交配型基因克隆、分子标记和栽培出菇试验等研究方法，对草菇同宗异宗兼性配合性质展开多样本、多层次、多角度的研究，探明草菇担孢子中同核体和异核体比例，以及与担孢子的细胞核数量、倍性和出菇结实能力之间的关联，并在分子层面解析草菇交配型基因的分子遗传学结构及其控制有性生殖的功能，为阐明草菇有性生殖机制提供科学基础。

Volvariella volvacea is an important cultivated mushroom in China, but has a controversial issue on the sexual reproduction, which sometimes hindered the development of the breeding research. This project will combine the methods of microscopic observation, mating type gene cloning, molecular markers and cultivation test to study on the biological characteristic of the sexual reproduction of V. volvacea, based on the whole genome sequence and the widely collection of wild and cultivation strains. We will verify the ratio of homokaryon and heterokaryon among the basidiospores, and analyze the correlation between the number of nuclei and the ploidy in basidiospore and the fertility of the single spore isolates. The study will also clone the mating type genes and analyze the molecular biological structure of the mating type locus to understand their function controlling the sexual reproduction. We hope the results will provide new perspective on the mechanism of the sexual reproduction of V. volvacea.