肌肉是生物系统中最重要的化学能-机械能转换材料。人造肌肉的候选者中，可以分为机械性，半机械性和生物性材料，而其中只有生物性的大分子人造肌肉材料，才能克服前两种类型的人造器官移植后让患者产生的排斥反应。生物性的大分子人造生物材料中，最接近实用的是基于生物聚电解质的高分子凝胶体系。本申请拟通过目前已经掌握的生物大分子凝胶体系的模型和理论，系统地研究三种大分子凝胶体系所对应的两类刺激响应机理，为类肌肉响应聚电解质凝胶的实际应用，提供分子层次上的理论预测。这三类大分子凝胶体系模型包括中性可相分离的凝胶体系，单一荷电的聚电解质凝胶体系，以及阴阳聚电解质复合形成的凝胶体系。申请中首次提出采用表面接枝方式构建类生物肌肉中的大分子滑移机理， 并与传统的大分子尺寸收缩机理进行理论对照和模拟研究，为人工肌肉材料的分子演化提供理论基础。

Muscle is the most important chemical-mechanical energy conversion material in biological systems. The candidates for artificial muscle may be divided into mechanical, semi-mechanical and biological materials, of which only the last one overcomes allograft rejection of artificial organ after transplantation. Polyelectrolyte gels is the closest practically application among the biological artificial materials,. This proposal is intended to systematically study the two types of stimulation response mechanisms corresponding to three macromolecular gel systems based on the models and theories of biomolecular gel systems that have been developed in the past decades. We try to provide theoretical prediction at the molecular level for the important materials. Three types of macromolecular gel system models include the neutral gel system with phase separation segments, the polyelectrolyte gel system, and oppositely charged polyelectrolyte coacervate gel system. The two energy conversion mechanisms studied in the application mainly includes the shrinkage mechanism of the traditional external stimulation - force response, such as response of temperature - Mechanical force, voltage - mechanical force, as well as biological muscle in the chemical energy - mechanical Force slip mechanism. By a comparative study of three material models, we look forward to understanding how the mechanical response has changed in mechanism after the introduction of charged groups, and why the molecular slip mechanism has been adapted in biological systems, rather than the molecular shrinkage mechanism caused by changes in the external environment in man-made materials.