纳米La2O3增强NbSe2-Cu自润滑复合材料的制备及其性能研究

铜基自润滑复合材料因其优异的自润滑特性、良好的导电及导热性能，在机械、航空航天等领域有着极为广泛的应用，但硬度低、磨损率高等限制了其实际应用。本项目拟采用内氧化与放电等离子烧结相结合的方法，以Cu为基体，纳米La2O3为增强相，NbSe2为润滑相制备La2O3-NbSe2-Cu自润滑复合材料，使其兼具良好的导电及导热性、高强度及高耐磨性。采用微观手段分析纳米La2O3-Cu复合粉体的组成成分、组织形貌及La2O3尺寸等，探讨La2O3形核与长大的规律和机理。研究增强相和润滑相含量对复合材料力学性能的影响，明晰增强相和润滑相与复合材料基体之间的界面结合情况。研究NbSe2含量和石墨与NbSe2的协同作用对La2O3-NbSe2-Cu复合材料载流条件下的摩擦磨损性能的影响规律，揭示载流摩擦磨损机理。本项目可为铜基自润滑复合材料的设计和性能改进提供理论基础和技术支撑。

Copper matrix self-lubricating composites are widely used in mechanical, aerospace and other industries due to its good self lubrication, outstanding thermal and electrical conductivities. However, its practical application is hindered by its low hardness and poor wear resistance. In view of this, the project intends to fabricate copper matrix self-lubricant composites with high strength, low resistivity and high wear resistance through internal oxidation and spark plasma sintering. Copper, La2O3 and NbSe2 will be used as matrix, reinforced phase and lubricant respectively to prepare La2O3-NbSe2-Cu self-lubricating composites, which has high electrical and thermal conductivity, high strength and good wear resistance. The composition, morphology and size of La2O3 of the La2O3-Cu composite powders will be investigated on the micro-level, and then the nucleation and growth mechanism of La2O3 will be revealed. The influence of reinforcement content and lubricant content on mechanical properties of composites will be studied, and then the interfaces between the reinforcement phase and matrix will be clarified. The influences of the content of NbSe2 and the synergistic effect of graphite and NbSe2 on the wear properties of La2O3-NbSe2-Cu composites during sliding electrical contact will be investigated on the micro-level. Furthermore, the wear mechanism will be clarified. This project will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the design and performance improvements of copper matrix self-lubricant composite.