微重力下固液界面输运过程中的关键力学问题研究

微重力环境下的固液界面流体输运与流动调节控制是开展空间科学探索活动和保障航天器顺利完成任务的关键科学问题与技术难点。本课题以微观结构系统为载体，从固液界面分子相互作用基础理论出发，深入研究重力缺失条件下由表面次级力主导的的热质输运特征及其与材料特性和微观结构的依赖关系，建立基于微观表面作用力的流体输运理论模型；结合先进微纳制造工艺，设计并构筑多级表面/通道微观结构，集成组装从微纳米尺度到宏观尺度的多级空间流体输运装置；同时，通过研究非对称结构和表面特性引起的各向异性流阻，设计并构建无活动部件的被动式流动调控装置。突破传统基于机电驱动系统与活动阀门的复杂空间流体管理技术，为研究空间流体高效输运和被动式流动调控奠定坚实的理论和技术基础。

Manipulation of fluid transport and flow regulation in the microgravity environment is one of the key scientific problems and technical difficulties in carrying out space science exploration activities and guaranteeing the successful completion of the mission for spacecraft. In this work, we, based on micro-/nanostructures, start from the basic theory of solid-liquid interface interactions to inspect the flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics as well as their dependence on the material properties and microstructures under the condition of gravity loss. And then establish the capillary driven fluid transport model. Moreover, by combining with state-of-the-art NEMS/MEMS techniques, we will design and fabricate precise surface and channel micro-/nanostructures, and integrate the multi-level space fluid transport system from micro/nano scale to the macro scale assembly. Finally, a passive flow regulation device without moving part will be designed and constructed by studying the anisotropic flow resistance caused by asymmetric structure and surface properties. The research project will break the conventional complicated fluid management system design using mechanical/electric pumps and valves, and further lay a solid theoretical and technical foundation for investigating the efficient space fluid transport and passive flow regulation.