国际经验表明，推行家庭医生制度对于建立以居民健康为中心的基层医疗卫生服务模式至关重要。为确保我国家庭医生签约服务顺利实施，《关于推进家庭医生签约服务的指导意见》明确指出要建立健全家庭医生签约服务激励机制。本研究基于委托代理理论，探索以按人头付费支付方式改革为核心构建家庭医生签约服务激励机制，以期使家庭医生形成以居民健康为中心的服务行为。研究采用定性与定量相结合的方法，通过文献研究、现场调查和专家咨询构建家庭医生签约服务激励机制理论模型，在此基础上设计激励机制实施方案；在评价研究阶段，基于有对照的干预前后比较设计，开展社区实验研究，在陕西省试点实施家庭医生签约服务激励机制；选取卫生服务质量、卫生服务利用、患者满意度和健康相关生命质量等评价指标，采用双重差分法分析激励机制的实施效果；最后，结合理论和实证研究，进一步完善家庭医生签约服务激励机制，为我国家庭医生签约服务的顺利推进提供政策参考。

It was globally proved that practicing the family doctor policy is essential for building the patient-centered primary health care service system. In order to ensure the smooth implement of this policy, Chinese government issued the “Guidelines for Promoting the Family Doctor Contract Service (FDCS)”, which explicitly indicated that to build and strengthen the incentive mechanism has great significance for the implementation of FDCS. Thus, based on the Principal-agent Theory, the current study aims to explore and build the incentive mechanism for FDCS by applying the capitation payment system to inspire the family doctors’ health-oriented motive and further change their service behaviors to those registered population. By using the quantitative and qualitative research methods (literature review, field investigation and expert consultation), we firstly build the theory model of FDCS incentive mechanism. Then, a detailed implementation program will be designed. Based on a pretest-posttest control group design, an experimental study on implementing incentive mechanism will be carried out in Shaanxi province. Using difference-in-difference model, we select indicators on health service quality, health service utilization, patients’ satisfaction and health-related quality of life etc. to evaluate the effects of incentive mechanism in FDCS. This study will help to make some contribution on improving the incentive mechanism of FDCS and provide some evidence-based suggestions on promoting the smooth implement of FDCS in China.