单质硅是最有前途的下一代锂离子电池负极材料。然而，硅在充放电过程中的体积变化非常大，容易导致电极材料碎裂、粉化，严重地限制了它的进一步应用。本项目以具有有机－无机双反应性的双子单体为起始单元，利用乳液聚合技术，合成新型的碳/硅复合纳米球，受益于双子单体次第进行的有机、无机相反应，这类碳/硅复合纳米球具有在分子尺度上分布均匀的碳/硅双连续网络、低的纳米球粒径和极微的硅功能组分尺寸，在锂离子电池领域拥有较大的发展潜力。我们拟通过追踪双子单体有机和无机组成部分分别转化为碳功能组分和硅功能组分的具体历程，揭示碳/硅复合纳米球的合成机制；并阐明碳/硅复合纳米球的可控制备科学理论，实现纳米球粒径的精确定制、复合纳米球碳硅功能组分的定量调节以及碳功能组分和硅功能组分晶体结构的可控构筑。在可控制备的基础上，厘清锂离子在碳/硅复合纳米球内部的传输、储存规律，阐明纳米结构－电化学性能关系。

Silicon (Si) has been the most promising electrode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. However, cracking and pulverization of the electrodes are always inevitable owing to the large volume change of Si upon insertion and extraction of lithium, which limits its further application. In the present project, a twin monomer is adopted to fabricate a new class of carbon/silicon (C/Si) nanospheres by using an emulsion polymerization. The C/Si nanospheres show extremely low diameter, tiny silicon size and bicontinuous network of carbon and silicon in molecular scale, thus demonstrate a great potential in lithium-ion batteries. The basic preparation mechanism of C/Si nanospheres will be illustrated by monitoring the transformation process from organic component to carbon and the formation process from inorganic component to silicon. After that, the theory of nanostructure control for the novel C/Si nanospheres also will be given, including the precise design of nanospherical diameters, contents and crystal structures of carbon and silicon. Finally, the transport and storage of lithium ion in C/Si nanospheres will be investigated systematically and in depth.