燃料电池铂基八面体合金催化剂的微观结构调控及电池性能研究

本项目以克服质子交换膜燃料电池传统阴极催化剂氧还原动力学较慢、耐久性偏低、成本较高等问题为出发点，研究PtNi/C八面体合金催化剂的制备方法及其中的科学问题。本项目将从催化剂结构调变和组成控制两个方面进行，拟用无表面活性剂（DMF）有机溶胶法制备PtNi/C八面体合金催化剂。通过调控升温速率、反应温度、时间和结构控制剂等合成条件以实现“爆发成核”和“定向生长”过程，获得均匀分布的PtNi/C八面体合金催化剂。采用表面镀铂、表面掺杂、三元合金等方法对上述催化剂进一步改性。研究PtNi/C八面体合金催化剂作为燃料电池阴极的发电性能和耐久性，并分析其高活性和长耐久性机理。本项目研究不仅会对燃料电池技术进步起到积极推动作用，还会增进对PtNi/C八面体合金催化剂形成机制和控制策略的理解，从而加深对燃料电池催化剂复杂体系“制备-结构-性能”关系的认识。

This project is designed to overcome the problems in traditional cathode catalysts of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, including the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction kinetics, the relatively low durability and the high cost, and it also investigate the preparation methods and the scientific problems of PtNi/C octahedral alloyed catalysts. This project will be implemented by controlling structure and composition of catalysts, and we will prepare PtNi/C octahedral alloyed catalysts using the surfactant-free (DMF) organosol method. We will regulate synthesis conditions, such as heating rate, reaction temperature, time and structure-directing agents to achieve “burst nucleation” and “oriented growth” process, and obtain octahedral catalysts with uniform distribution. Then these catalysts will be further modified by surface-Pt plating, surface-doping or ternary alloy. We also investigate the cell performance and durability using PtNi/C octahedral alloyed catalysts as fuel cell cathode, and analyze mechanisms of the high activity and long durability. This project will not only play a positive role in promoting the progress of fuel cell technology, but also will increase understandings on the formation mechanism and the control strategy of PtNi/C, and thereby deepen understandings on the relationship of "preparation-structure-performance" of the fuel cell catalyst complicated system.