SiRNA, miRNA, piRNA等介导的细胞内在免疫机制在抑制内源性转座子维持自身基因组稳定以及抗外源病毒感染过程中发挥着重要作用。HIV-1是引起艾滋病的主要病原，已经发现一些细胞miRNA可以靶向HIV-1抑制病毒的复制，但由于miRNA的作用特点及HIV-1基因组的高度变异性，导致发现的miRNA还不全面。我们新发现并初步鉴定一个miRNA，即miR-1224-3p，可以靶向HIV-1的3'-UTR抑制HIV-1的复制，并且miR-1224-3p靶点的存在可能与HIV-1流行，进化及致病具有潜在相关性。本项目计划在已有工作基础上进一步明确miR-1224-3p抑制HIV-1复制的功能及与HIV-1流行，进化和致病的相关性。

SiRNA, miRNA and piRNA-mediated cellular intrinsic immunity plays essential roles in maintaining genomic stability via repression of endogenous retrotransposons and in defense against exogenous virus infection.HIV-1 is the major causative agent of AIDS,and a panel of cellular miRNAs has been observed to target the HIV-1 genome and restrict virus production.However,due to the characteristics of miRNA function and the high variability of HIV-1 strains,the previous findings could not be complete. We de novo find an miRNA, i.e., miR-1224-3p, which can target the HIV-1 3'-untranslated region and suppress virus replication by preliminary study。Moreover, either existence of the miR-1224-3p target site on various HIV-1 subtypes or strains is probably related with the viral epidemiology, evolution and pathogenesis. In current project, we plan to further demonstrate the function of miR-1224-3p in restriction of HIV-1 replication, and its correlativity with HIV-1 epidemiology, evolution and pathogenesis.