振荡水柱波能利用型透空堤的水动力特性及消浪机理研究

透空堤是一种可适用于较深水域的新型“绿色”防波堤，振荡水柱是一种适用范围广、可靠性高的波能装置。本项目结合两者概念，提出一种波能利用型防波堤，为海洋开发利用活动防御波浪侵袭的同时，提供可持续清洁能源。振荡水柱可以通过波能提取和振荡流场中的涡动耗散来消减波浪，但目前将振荡水柱单独作为波能装置的研究较多，主要关注其波能提取，对其防浪效果涉及较少。本项目拟先对用来模拟涡轮机的孔口、多孔材料的往复流动特性进行详细试验研究。在此基础上，通过势流理论分析防波堤的水动力特性，通过波浪水槽试验研究防波堤的消浪特性，通过粒子图像测速(PIV)技术研究防波堤的振荡流场特性，深入防波堤消浪机理，以期提出一种防浪效果优良、波能提取较高、受波浪荷载较小、具有工程应用前景的振荡水柱波能利用型透空堤结构型式。本项目的顺利开展将为透空堤的工程应用推广提供一种新思路，研究成果对振荡水柱单独作为波能装置也有相当的借鉴意义。

Pile-supported breakwater is one kind of new “green” breakwaters applicable to deeper waters, while oscillating water column is one kind of wave energy converters of broad application scope and high reliability. In this project, we combine these two concepts and propose a breakwater equipped with wave energy converters, which can shelter marine development and utilization against wave-attacking and meanwhile can provide sustainable and clean energy. Oscillating water column can attenuate wave through energy extraction and vortex-shedding dissipation in the oscillating flow field. Most of the research on oscillating water column considered it as a wave energy converter alone and focused on its energy extraction, while only a little research studied its wave protection. At first of this project, we will experimentally examine the reciprocating flow characteristics of the orifices and porous materials which are used to simulate turbine in details. On this basis, we will study the hydrodynamic characteristics of breakwater by the potential theory analysis, study the wave dissipation characteristics by the wave-flume experiments, and study the oscillatory flow field characteristics by the particle image velocimetry technology, to analyze the wave dissipation mechanisms of breakwater in-depth. It is expected to propose a structure of good wave protection, high wave energy extraction, small wave loads and promising engineering application. The successful implementation of this project will help promote the engineering application of pile-supported breakwater and provide a significant contribution to the research of oscillating water column as a wave energy converter alone.