建立云南汉族和特有少数民族男性人群Y-SNPs基础DNA数据库以及法医学应用研究

目前，法医DNA分析的重点是放在Y-STR上而非Y-SNPs,但Y-SNPs在评介不同群体之间的差异方面有很大的优势,加上Y-SNPs的突变率比Y-STR更低，组成的单体群具有很强的群体特异性，据此可用Y-SNPs来推断个体的群体来源。另外，Y染色体系统进化树的建立主要依赖于欧美群体, 反应了欧美人群的Y-SNPs分型特征，尚缺乏中国人群更详细的Y-SNPs群体遗传学资料。本课题以云南汉族和特有少数民族男性人群为研究对象，采用复合PCR 扩增、荧光标记单碱基延伸及毛细管电泳分型技术，根据Y染色体系统进化树，选择和研究东亚人群中与中国人群相关的四个基因座谱系、亚基因座谱系及其分支的41个Y-SNPs位点，建立云南汉族及特有少数民族男性人群Y-SNPs基础DNA数据库，为法医学及分子人类学应用提供基础理论和基础数据，并应用于法医学实践，建立一种锁定犯罪嫌疑人群的刑事案件侦破模式，提高破案率。

Currently, the focus of DNA analysis in forensic science is on the Y-STR instead of the Y-SNPs. However the Y-SNPs has a great advantage in differing groups , coupled with the Y-SNPs mutation rate is lower than the Y-STR, so is to say the Y-SNP haplogroup has a strong group-specific, so the Y-SNPs can be used to infer the individual groups. The Y chromosome tree is established mainly dependent on Europe and the United States group, so it reflected the genotyping characteristics in these populations, and lack of Chinese people's detailed genetics data. This topic based on Y chromosome tree, studies 41 Y-SNPs in four loci lineage, subunit block lineage and its branches on male of Han and specific minority populations inYunnan. The methods used in the experiment are combined PCR amplification, labeling single base extension type and capillary electrophoresis technology. Finally to establish the DNA databases of male Y-SNPs Han and specific minority populations in Yunnan, to provide basic theory and data to applications on molecular anthropology and in forensic science, to build a mode to lock suspect's group in criminal cases and improve the detection rate.