基于复合阻燃剂控释方法协同抑制隧道沥青路面热分解行为研究

目前隧道沥青路面复合阻燃剂简单复配、直接添加、单次释放、协效性差，隧道火灾时沥青路面热分解产生大量热和烟气，复合阻燃剂控释方法及协同阻燃机理亟待研究，为完善沥青路面阻燃技术体系提供理论支撑。本项目根据沥青四组分热分解温度区间梯度分布特征提出配方科学、协同高效的复合阻燃剂复配方法；研究沥青中有机纳米协效剂构建的逾渗网络结构对复合阻燃剂各成分控释机制，揭示升温过程复合阻燃剂缓释效应及其对沥青协同阻燃机理；提出基于多孔活性炭短纤维和陶粒的复合阻燃剂负载和控释方法，建立吸附、脱附动力学模型，揭示多孔载体对复合阻燃剂各成分选择性吸附、脱附效应及控释机理；提出沥青、胶浆、集料多级同时负载复合阻燃剂方法，研究升温过程多级负载复合阻燃剂各成分依次脱附、缓释效应、协同阻燃机制及烟气动态析出规律，揭示沥青、胶浆、集料多级负载复合阻燃剂对沥青路面热分解行为的协同抑制机理，为提高隧道沥青路面火灾安全奠定理论基础。

Current composite flame retardant used in tunnel asphalt pavement has such disadvantages as simple compounding, direct addition, single release, poor synergistic flame retardance, etc. A large amount of heat and smokes is produced due to the thermal decomposition of asphalt materials in pavement during a tunnel fire. The controlled-release effect and synergistic flame retarding mechanism of composite flame retardants are urgently needed to investigate. This study can provide a theoretical support for improving the flame retarding technical system of asphalt pavement. .In this project, according to the thermal decomposition temperature range gradient distributions of four components in asphalt binder, a compounding method of composite flame retardants with scientific formula and synergetic efficiency is proposed to correspondingly inhibit the thermal decomposition behavior of each component in asphalt binder. After that, the controlled-release mechanism of percolation network structures formed by the organic nano-synergist in asphalt binder on each consistent in composite flame retardant is discussed, revealing the controlled-release effects of composite flame retardant and its synergistic flame retarding mechanism on asphalt binder during the temperature rise..Next, the indirect loading and controlled-release method of composite flame retardant based on the porous activated carbon short fiber and ceramsite are proposed. The adsorption and desorption dynamics models of the two porous mediums are established to reveal their selective adsorption and desorption effects as well as controlled-release mechanism to different constituents in composite flame retardant. .Then the synchronously loading method of composite flame retardant on asphalt, mortar and aggregates is proposed. The timely successive desorption and controlled-release effects as well as synergistic flame retarding mechanism and dynamic release regularity of smokes of each constituent in composite flame retardant are investigated during the temperature rise. .Finally, the synergistic inhibition mechanism of composite flame retardant loaded on asphalt, mortar and aggregates to thermal decomposition behaviors of asphalt pavement is revealed. It is believed that all these findings can provide a theoretical basis to improve the fire safety of tunnel asphalt pavement.