栽培燕麦隶属禾本科燕麦属一年生草本植物，是一种世界性栽培的优质作物，粮食兼用。全球燕麦品种资源丰富，国外主要栽培带稃型燕麦，国内主要栽培裸粒燕麦。燕麦是一种健康食品，其蛋白含量几乎等同于大豆。燕麦有着重要的商业价值，尤其是对未知来源的D染色体组起源的研究，可以为育种提供相关背景知识，从而有助于改良燕麦品质。本文利用荧光原位杂交（FISH）探讨燕麦D染色体组来源；选用新特异探针序列，如18D染色体的序列和新获得六倍体燕麦BAC序列，对燕麦属二、四、六倍体物种，主要是针对已有报道的物种，如二倍体A.canariensis、A. ventricosa、A. strigosa、A. clauda和A. eriantha，四倍体A. murphyi，以及六倍体A. sativa进行标记，开发特异识别D染色体组的探针，为找寻D染色体组起源提供线索。

Hexaploid oat (Avena sativa L.) is an annual herbaceous plant in the Poaceae, which is cultivated wordwide for food and fodder, as well as for specialty uses in diet therapy and nutrition. Genetic resources of oat are abundant and variable. Oats that thresh free from their hulls (naked oats) are cultivated widely in China, while hulled oats are most commonly grown in the other countries. Oats are generally considered as a healthy food becayse they are high in fiber, benefical oils, and good-quality protein. Oat protein is nearly equivalent in quality to soy protein. Tools for genetic improvment of oat are being developed. Studies reported of this thesis were conducted to better understand the cytogenetic organization of the oat genome. In this study, FISH probes to detect some special species in Anena, such as A. canariensis, A. ventricosa, A. strigosa, A. clauda, A. eriantha, A. murphyi and A. sativa. This research will develop novel probes to identify D-genome exclusively. Furthermore, this study will guide for the origin of D-genome.