指纹样特征是颅内脑电图中一种癫痫发作期的特点，在时频图上表现为多个窄频段快活动出现同时伴随低频段活动的抑制，申请人预实验发现它是一种常见的脑电图现象，并与耐药性癫痫患者的致痫区有着密切联系，或许能够指导癫痫手术。在本项目中，我们拟扩大样本进行深入研究，阐明指纹样特征并验证其与致痫区的关系。我们还提出指纹样特征可能是致痫区的抑制性神经元快速发放造成的，因此计划采用宽频EEG记录、电网络分析、微电极记录结合光遗传技术及遗传药理学方法，在临床研究与动物模型两个层次明确它的机制，并明确小清蛋白（PV）阳性神经元是否为形成指纹现象的主导细胞类型。项目成果不仅将有助于提高临床致痫区定位的可靠性，还能帮助揭示癫痫发作形成的机制，为开发难治性癫痫的治疗手段提供理论依据。

Fingerprint-like feature is a characteristic in ictal intracranial EEG, which is manifested as multiple narrow bands of fast activity accompanied by suppression in the lower frequency activity on time-frequency figure. In our preliminary study, we found fingerprint-like feature is a common ictal phenomenon and closely related to the epileptogenic zone in pharmacoresistant epilepsy. It may potentially help to guide resective epilepsy surgery. In this project, we plan to further investigate the fingerprint-like feature in a larger cohort and verify that whether it can serve as an epileptogenic zone marker. Based on our previous findings, we propose that fingerprint-like feature is generated by fast spiking of inhibitory neurons. Here we will use several techniques to elucidate the mechanism underlying its generation, including wide-band EEG recording, electrical network analysis, unit recording by microelectrodes as well as photogenetic manipulation and pharmacogenetic technique. This project will be carried out on both clinical and laboratory level. We will further intend to clarify whether PV neurons belong to the major type of inhibitory neurons involving in generation of fingerprint-like feature. This project will not only help to improve the reliability of epileptogenic zone localization, but also unveil the GABAnergic mechanism underlying ictogenesis and provide new strategy for treating pharmacoresistant epilepsy.