3D打印工件材料的微观结构直接影响其宏观力学性能，且微观结构及其对应的宏观力学性能随时间演化。缺乏对打印过程中材料微观结构的原位实时研究，是现阶段制约高性能打印材料开发的技术瓶颈之一。本项目拟基于开发的环形束X射线衍射-小角散射（XRD-SAXS）和共聚焦扫描小角X射线散射（Confocal scanning-SAXS）联用方法技术，并采用Nylon6和ABS聚合物材料以及ABS-g-MAH和SMA分别为增容剂，对材料微观结构的静态过程和打印过程中随时间依赖的微观结构动态演化过程进行原位实时研究，实现材料结构生成及其演化的全周期全过程的解析；配合宏观力学性能测试，揭示Nylon6/ABS/ABS-g-MAH合金和Nylon6/ABS/SMA合金在3D打印过程中的不同成型条件对材料微观结构的影响机制，为开发高性能打印材料和构筑高端打印工件提供科学依据和新颖的结构表征工具。

The microstructures of the 3D-printed object affect its macroscopic mechanical properties directly, and the microstructures and corresponding macroscopic mechanical properties evolving with time. The lacking of in-situ real time research on the microstructure of materials in the printing process is one of the technical bottlenecks in restricting the development of high-performance printed materials at this stage. In this project, the polymer blends of Nylon6 and ABS separately with ABS-g-MAH and SMA as the compatibilizer are chosen, and the static process of the microstructure of the material and the time-dependent dynamic evolution of the microstructure of the polymer composites in the printing process can be investigated in-situ real time by using the combination of methodologies and techniques of annular XRD-SAXS and confocal scanning-SAXS. This project will realize the analysis of the whole cycle of material structure generation and evolution, and with the mechanical test, the mechanism of the effect of the different printing conditions on the microstructures of the polymer blends of Nylon6/ABS/ABS-g-MAH and Nylon6/ABS/SMA also will be revealed, which can provide a scientific guide for manufacturing advanced 3D-printed objects with the novelty pioneering structure characterization tool.