需求族的动态管理及其服务资源配置优化研究

需求族是指对同一种产品或服务在功能、效用、体验等方面的要求大致相同但又存在些许差异的一系列需求类。对血液的紧急需求和常规需求构成了存在不同优先级的需求族，而对头等舱、商务舱、经济舱三个不同价格等级的机票需求则构成了存在价值差异的需求族。本项目基于需求族的实际背景，从需求族的分类方法入手，以存在优先序的需求族和存在价值差异的需求族为研究对象，运用管理科学的相关理论，对需求的分类以及分类的动态变化特性进行描述。利用需求族分类相关的大数据，深入探讨各类需求的影响因素，构建数据驱动的需求预测模型。当需求族的分类不变时，分别考虑存在优先序的需求族和存在价值差异的需求族的服务资源配置策略。当需求类的分类变化时，重新建立新的需求族预测模型和服务资源配置的动态方程，对比分析预测模型的改变和服务资源配置策略的差异。本项目从需求族的动态管理角度为企业合理配置服务资源提供新的理论视角和重要的决策参考依据。

A demand family refers to a series of demand classes that have similar requirements and a few differences on the function, utility, experience from a product or service. The urgent needs and the conventional needs of the blood constitute a demand family with priorities while the ticket needs for three classes with different prices (first class, business class, economy class) constitute a demand family with value differentiation. Based on the practical background of a demand family, this project will start from the methodology of a demand family and focus on the demand family with priorities and the demand family with value differentiation. This project shall use the related theory of management science and describe the classification of demands and the dynamic changes of the classification. By using the big data related to the classification of demands, this project will investigate the factors that affect different demand classes and construct the data-driven predictive demand model. When the classification of demands is fixed, this project will separately consider the optimal allocation of service resources for the demand family with priorities and the one with value differentiation. When the classification of demands is changed, this project will reconstruct the data-driven predictive demand model and the dynamic function of service resources allocation policy. By comparing this new model with the old one, this project tries to find the differences between the data-driven predictive demand models and the optimal allocation policies of service resources. This project will provide a new theoretical perspective and an important decision-making reference for firms to rationally allocate service resources.