合成孔径雷达(SAR)以其高分辨率、能不受雨云影响实施全天时全天候全方位监测，在海面溢油灾害应急监测过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。溢油是因为海面油膜抑制了毛细波和重力波，在SAR图像上呈暗斑而被识别。然而，海面溢油的乳化过程直接影响SAR对海面溢油后向散射截面的观测精度。本项目将以物理海洋学和激光原理以及海面电磁散射理论为基础，通过实验利用激光扫描仪观测海面溢油粗糙度，分别与溢油特征参数、后向散射系数建立对应关系；耦合海面溢油参数与后向散射截面的关系,利用电磁散射数值建模方法，建立海面溢油散射模型，研究海面溢油乳化过程对微波后向散射截面的影响。本项目的研究将为SAR监测海面溢油量、溢油厚度及油品分布格局提供了可能；将进一步揭示海面溢油的散射机制，提高SAR海面监测溢油的精度和能力.

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an effective microwave sensor to detect oil spills, which can image ocean surfaces during the day and night with high resolution and large coverage, independent of cloud cover. It plays a more and more important role in the process on the sea surface oil spill disaster emergency monitoring. Oil spill detection using SAR images relies on the oil slick to decrease the sea surface back-scatters of capillary - gravity wave which results in a dark formation that contrasts with the brightness of the surrounding spill-free sea. However, the emulsifying process of the sea surface oil spill directly affect observation precision of the scattering cross section in SAR. This project will be based on physical oceanography, principle of laser, and the sea surface electromagnetic scattering theory. Using laser scanner observed the sea surface roughness of oil spill establish corresponding relationship with the characteristic parameters of oil spill and the scattering coefficient, respectively. Coupling to the relationship between the characteristic parameters of oil spill with the scattering cross section by experiment. Using the electromagnetic scattering numerical modeling sets up the sea surface scattering model of oil spill and researches the oil spill emulsifying process to the influence of the scattering cross section. The project will be provided a possible to monitor the oil spill volume,the thickness of the oil spill and distribution pattern of the oil spill by SAR. It will further reveal the sea surface scattering mechanism of oil spill and improve the accuracy and ability of monitoring oil spill by SAR.