电子废弃物 (废弃电器电子产品的简称)是一种典型的含多组分物料、多种金属元素的复合体，其物理和化学性质复杂，难以通过单一方法进行多种混合金属元素的分离、纯化。本项目以电子废物二次资源为研究对象，研究经预处理后的获得的多种混合金属物料复合体的物理分离机理与纯化新方法。在废旧金属纯化方面，研究金属熔体连续换液-定向连铸偏析法分离杂质元素的物理分离机制和控制方法；在重金属、稀贵金属的分离和纯化方面，研究钽、铅、镉、汞等重金属和稀贵金属的依次真空蒸发-冷凝相互作用及协同分离机理。为开发电子废弃物二次资源中多种混合金属的物理分离方法、高品位废旧金属纯化、稀贵金属的提取与纯化的关键技术与成套装备提供理论基础。

Electronic wastes, also referred as waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE), are typically multi-component materials containing multiple metallic elements. The physical and chemical characteristics of WEEE are so complex that it is difficult to separate or purify the resources through a single method. This research takes WEEE as objects to study the physical separation mechanisms and new purification methods of the multiple mixed metals obtained from crushing and liberation of WEEE. For purification of scrap metals, this research studies the physical separation mechanisms and control methods of the continuous fluid exchange-directional continuous cast segregation separating for impurity elements. For the heavy metals and rare precious metals, this project explores the interaction and coordination mechanisms of vacuum distillation-condensation of Ta, Pb, Cd, Hg. This project will provide the theoretical foundation for exploring key technologies and whole-set equipment, which can be used for secondary resources in WEEE, such as the physical separation of multiple mixed metals, the purification of scrap metals with high-grade, the extraction and purification of rare and precious metals.