光温敏雄性不育是小麦杂种优势利用的重要途径之一，研究其光温敏雄性不育机制及不育基因的调控方式对其的合理利用有重要意义。337S是对长日高温，短日低温均敏感的两极光温敏小麦雄性不育系，具有不育性稳定，制种区域广的特点。本申请项目拟以337S光温敏雄性不育系及可育材料337F在短日低温条件下花粉母细胞形成期的花药为材料，采用Illumina技术对其花药进行基因表达谱和小RNA分析，分离其差异表达基因和miRNAs，明确它们之间的调控关系或协调作用，并结合代谢层次的差异，明确337S的短日低温不育的分子特点。同时运用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术构建起小麦花药发育差异基因的高效克隆和筛选技术体系，获取337S育性调控的关键基因，以揭示其花药发育过程中育性转换的调控或代谢通路，解析337S在短日低温不育的分子机理。

The study of wheat photoperiod-thermo sensitive male sterile line is one of the important part of research about heterosis utilization, to explore the sterile mechanism of photoperiod-thermo sensitive male sterility and the regulation of sterile gene has become an extremely important issue for its reasonable utilization. 337S is the male sterile wheat line sensitive to both long day length/high temperature condition and short day length/low temperature condition. It has its own special features of the male sterile stability and the wide seed production areas. In order to explore the sterility mechanism of the line, this study will take anthers of male sterile line 337S and male fertile line 337F in pollen mother cell formation stage at short-day-length/low temperature condition, as material, sepereated and identified differentially expressed genes and miRNAs between both two lines using the Illumina technique. It will be made clear of coordinating function and regulated relationship between differentially expressed genes and miRNAs by further analysis the data. Whereafter integrating the differences between two lines in metabolism, the molecular speciality of sterility in 337S line could be understanded preliminarily. In addition, in order to identify the functions of differentially expressed genes in anther development stage, the Virus-Virus Induced Gene Silencing approach will be used for screening and cloning candidate genes. Then the key genes related to fertility can be obtain in 337S line. Combined with front research, we will elucidate the regulation and metabolism pathways for 337S line in fertility conversion stage of anther development, and then reveal the abortive molecular mechanism of 337S, the thermo-sensitive male sterile line, in short day length/low temperature condition.