科学教育肩负着未来科技创新人才培养和公民科学素养提升的重任，而胜任的科学教师是影响科学教育质量的至关重要的因素。本课题基于新时代党和国家对乡村教师队伍建设的新要求，聚焦“具备什么关键能力和品格的教师才能胜任乡村科学教育”这一现实问题，运用质化和量化相结合的研究方法，围绕“乡村科学教师胜任力的结构模型和发展机制”展开研究。首先，通过半结构化访谈与文本挖掘技术探析乡村科学教师胜任力的构成要素；然后，采用扎根理论、模糊德尔菲法、层次分析法构建乡村科学教师胜任力的结构模型；最后，通过结构方程模型分析乡村科学教师胜任力核心要素间的相互关系，基于问卷调查和个案访谈结果，归纳影响乡村科学教师胜任力的主要因素，探索乡村科学教师胜任力的发展机制。课题研究结果可以为乡村科学教师的培养、培训、选拔和评价提供有效的理论指导，对培养造就高素质专业化创新型中小学乡村科学教师具有重要意义。

Science education has a responsibility to the skilled person who has the ability of future scientific and technological innovation and to the citizens who have a higher level of scientific literacy. The quality of science education is critically affected by the competent science teachers. The focus of question in this program is what key capacities and necessary qualities are a competent teacher needed to teach science in rural school, which is in the present era context of the new requirements for the construction of the rural teacher staff proposed by the Communist Party of China. The program constructs the competence model of rural science teachers and studies their development mechanism by combining qualitative and quantitative research methods. Firstly, key elements of rural school science teachers’ competence are explored through semi-structured interviews and text mining techniques; then, a competence structure model of rural science teacher is constructed using the grounded theory, fuzzy Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process; finally, the interrelationships among core elements of rural science teachers’ competence are analyzed through the structural equation model, and then the main factors in affecting the competence of rural science teacher and the development mechanism of the competence of science teachers are summarized based on the results of questionnaire and case-interview. The results of the project can provide effective theoretical guidance for the cultivating, training, selection and evaluation of science teachers in rural schools, and it is of great significance for cultivating high quality, professional and innovative rural science teachers.