北齐一墓葬壁画白色病害的微生物学机制研究

微生物腐蚀是古代壁画劣化的重要原因之一。太原徐显秀墓拥有迄今保存最为完好的北齐壁画，具有重要的历史、文化和艺术价值。然而，多处壁画表面已经爆发大面积白色菌害，严重威胁到壁画的永久保存与传承。但，目前该墓葬壁画微生物相关研究还非常薄弱，病害的微生物学机制尚不清楚。本项目拟针对徐显秀墓壁画表面的白色菌害，运用传统培养与基于cDNA的高通量测序手段，筛选具有代谢活性的优势微生物类群；通过模拟仿真实验，研究微生物对壁画的潜在影响，结合微生物转录本与蛋白质表达的变化，揭示白色菌害的微生物群落特征，阐明白色菌害对壁画的潜在危害及发生机制，为该墓葬壁画保护和病害治理提供科学依据，并为同类文化遗产的保护提供重要示范价值。

Microbial colonization is one of the most important reasons for the deterioration of ancient murals. The Xu Xianxiu’s tomb contains a large number of exquisitely preserved mural paintings of Northern Qi Dynasty, which are of great historical, cultural and artistic value. However, large areas of white microbial colonization have been observed on the surface of many mural paintings, threatening the permanent preservation and inheritance of these murals. But nonetheless, the studies on this topic are very limited. To fill this gap, we first determine the metabolically active microorganisms of white colonizations from mural paintings by using cDNA-based high-throughput sequencing and traditional culture techniques. Next, we elucidate the formation mechanisms of white microbial colonization and illustrate the biodeterioration ability of dominant microorganisms through analog simulated experiments, transcriptomics analysis, proteomics analysis, morphological observation, metabolite detection and compositional changes in mural materials. Our research will be of particular importance to guide mural restoration and preservation efforts, and to provide important demonstration value for the protection of similar cultural heritage.