石墨烯是具有优异电学性能的单原子层材料。此外石墨烯还具有许多非常规的光学效应，如超局域的石墨烯等离激元、高效的高次谐波产生等，但是以往研究大多主要集中在石墨烯材料中处于平衡态分布的电子上。本项目以非平衡态石墨烯材料为研究对象，将深入探索该体系中可能存在的新光学效应和新物理。首先，我们将建立研究非平衡态石墨烯光学性质的经典和量子理论模型，并开发较通用的计算程序。利用建立的方法，我们将分析由各种物理方法产生的非平衡态石墨烯电子的演化机制和具体能量、动量分布信息。在接下来的研究中，一方面，我们将寻找常规线性和非线性光学过程在非平衡态石墨烯中的新特点和新效应；另一方面，我们还将探索非平衡态石墨烯中更广泛的的新物理，我们预计将会在非平衡态石墨烯中的热辐射、光学手性和动态卡西米尔效应等方面有原创性发现。针对理论研究结果，本项目拟同实验研究组合作开展验证工作。本项目成果将拓宽石墨烯光学的研究内容。

Graphene is a single atomic layer material with excellent electrical properties. In addition, graphene also has many unconventional optical effects, such as ultra-confined graphene plasmons, efficient high harmonic generation, etc., but most of the previous research has mainly focused on the graphene electrons in thermal equilibrium. In this study is devoted to explore new optical phenomena caused by non-equilibrium electrons in graphene, and uncover the in-depth new physics in this system. First, we will establish classical and quantum theoretical models for studying the optical properties of non-equilibrium graphene, and develop general computational procedures. Using the established method, we will acquire some important information of non-equilibrium graphene electrons, such as the time-evolution, energy and momentum distributions, provided that the electron equilibrium can be generated by various physical methods. In the following studies, we will search new features of conventional linear and nonlinear optical processes presented in non-equilibrium graphene. Meanwhile, we will also explore the new physics in non-equilibrium graphene from a broad perspective, which we expect to discover several new phenomena in non-equilibrium graphene, such as modulated thermal radiation, light-induced optical chirality and synthetic dynamic Casimir effect. Based on these theoretical findings, this study we will also work in close collaboration with other experimental groups to test our theoretical predictions. The results of this project will greatly enrich the field of graphene optics.