激光辅助冷原子系统及腔与冷原子耦合体系的量子模拟

在本项目中，我们将围绕最近发展的激光辅助冷原子系统及原子腔耦合体系的平衡和非平衡多体问题的量子模拟展开研究。一方面，激光辅助原子隧穿的方法通过对原子隧穿过程进行缀饰来改变单粒子态，可以有效的实现人造规范场和自旋轨道耦合。由于避免了共振过程产生的加热效应，在这个系统中模拟多体自旋轨道耦合效应变得很有前景。我们将系统研究激光辅助费米气体的有限动量超流和杂质问题以及激光辅助偶极气体和多分量玻色气体的基态和激发态性质等。另一方面，由于腔的内秉耗散和良好的操控性，腔与冷原子耦合体系提供了一个模拟量子非平衡物理的理想平台。我们将以无序体系的动力学超辐射转变、拉曼耦合玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体的腔光力学和腔支持的动力学规范耦合等重要的非平衡现象为例进行研究。本项目的研究成果将有助于加深对激光辅助冷原子系统中自旋轨道耦合物理和原子腔系统中耗散驱动的非平衡物理的理解，对于冷原子量子模拟和调控具有重要的科学意义。

In this program, we focus on the quantum simulations on the equilibrium and non-equilibrium many-body problems in the newly-developed laser-assisted cold atoms and atom-cavity systems. On one hand, the laser-assisted atomic tunneling can change the single particle state via dressing the tunneling process, effectively inducing the synthetic gauge field and spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Due to the avoiding of heating brought by the resonant processes, it is very promising to simulate the many-body SOC effects in this system. As examples, we would systematically investigate the finite-momentum superfluidity and impurity problems in the laser-assisted Fermi gases and the unique properties of the ground states and excitations in the laser-assisted dipolar and multi-component Bose gases. On the other hand, the intrinsic dissipation and the well-controlled tunability of the optical cavity make the hybrid atom-cavity system be an ideal platform to simulate quantum non-equilibrium physics. We would take the dynamical superradiance transition of a disorder system, the optomechanics of a Raman-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate, and the cavity-assisted dynamical gauge field as examples to show the important non-equilibrium phenomena emerging in this system. These researches would be beneficial for the deep understanding of the SOC physics in the laser-assisted cold atoms and the dissipation-driven non-equilibrium physics in the atom-cavity systems, and significantly advance the quantum simulations and manipulations with cold atoms.