虚假供述整合决策的心理机制：基于框架效应的视角

近年来，我国发现多起刑事冤假错案，该类案件不仅侵害了当事人的合法权益，也对刑事司法正义和权威造成了严峻挑战。法院采纳被告人的虚假供述作为定案依据是造成我国冤假错案产生的根本原因。但目前鲜有研究阐释虚假供述发生的心理机制或提出对其干预的有效措施。本项目拟采用文本分析、现场实验、数学建模和认知行为干预的方法围绕“犯罪嫌疑人的虚假供述决策偏差在何种情境下发生、如何发生，以及如何减少其发生”这三个关键科学问题开展研究。本项目拟采用信息框架表征审问中引发虚假供述的威胁、引诱和欺骗信息，深入探讨不同信息框架下虚假供述整合决策的心理机制，即概率折扣和延迟折扣的整合遵循加法原则还是乘法原则，并就如何减少该行为的发生提供可行、有效的干预措施。本项目研究结果将有助于推动供述心理理论的构建和发展，为解决虚假供述问题提供新思路；有助于减少犯罪嫌疑人的虚假供述率，指导规范审讯人的言语使用，践行司法改革精神。

In recent years, the numerous occurrence of criminal misjudged cases in China has not only violated the legitimate rights and interests, but also caused severe challenges to criminal justice and authority. The adoption of defendant’s false confession as the evidence for case determination was the root cause of misjudged cases in China. However, at present, few studies have explained the psychological mechanism of false confession or proposed effective measure for its intervention. This project intends to address three key scientific issues that “in what contexts of suspect's decision making bias for false confession occur, how it occurs, and how to reduce its occurrence” by using the methods of text analysis, field experiment, mathematical modeling and cognitive behavioral intervention. This project intends to adopt information framing to represent the threat, inducement and deception information that trigger false confession in interrogations, and to probe the psychological mechanism of integrated decision making for false confession under different framing effects. That is, the integration of probability discounting and delay discounting follows the principle of addition or multiplication. Feasible and Effective intervention measure aiming at reducing false confessions is also proposed and tested. The research results of this project contribute to promoting theoretical construction and development of confession psychology and providing new ideas for solving false confession, and contribute to preventing suspects from making false confession, guiding and regulating the verbal expression of interrogators, and practicing the spirit of judicial reform.