旧石器时代磨制骨器主要发现于非洲、欧洲、西亚等地；相对而言，中国有磨制骨器出土的遗址数量较少且相关研究较为零散、缺乏系统性和规范性，在研究方法、手段等方面也与西方存在明显差距。本项目以晚更新世末期贵州马鞍山遗址、打儿窝遗址、宁夏水洞沟第12地点的磨制骨器为主要对象，通过伴生动物碎骨观测、模拟实验、形态与痕迹观察（微观、宏观）、Micro-CT断层扫描等研究方法，以“操作链”的动态视觉复原其选料、取坯、制作、使用、维护及废弃过程；此外，通过扫描电镜及能谱技术手段尝试分析及复原骨器表面残存物质的理化成份与性能，从而为染色、用毒、绑柄等中国古人类复杂认知能力的出现与演化提供新的科学材料和线索，进而探讨欧亚大陆磨制骨器及现代人行为的区域特征与传播路线。

The production of formal bone tools, defined as artefacts that were cut, carved, polished or otherwise modified to produce fully shaped points, awls, harpoons and wedges, appears relatively late in human history, and is only recorded at a handful of African sites prior to 45 ka. Early instances of bone technology in other areas of the Old World such as China, are still rare, and those that are known are often insufficiently documented. The objective of this project is to conduct a systematic analysis, through the methods of typology, experimentation, microwear analysis, micro-CT scans etc., to formal bone tool assemblages found at the site of Ma’anshan, Da’erwo and Shuidonggou Locality 12 in the late Late Pleistocene of China. The Chaîne opératoire approach will be applied to the reconstruction on the life history of each bone artifact, from the acquisition of raw material to the tool disposal, through blank extraction, shaping of the object, use, and eventual resharpening. Residues of red and black material as well as adhesives preserved on some specimens will be photographed and analyzed - identified by the presenters of this project during the preliminary observation. The results of these analyses will be instrumental to identify the emergence of key cultural innovations in Asia, evaluate their technical and behavioral complexity, and discuss their social and cultural implications.