miRNA是近几年发现的基因表达转录后调控的小分子，不仅参与动物复杂性状表型形成的分子调控过程，而且miRNA自身或靶基因结合位点发生突变（简称miRNASNP），还可能导致miRNA功能异常，进而引起生物表型性状的变异。本课题对鸡miRNA基因和miRNA靶基因结合位点的SNP筛选和鉴定，采用qPCR或northern blot检测SNP对miRNA生物合成和功能的影响；荧光报告素酶基因检测SNP对miRNA靶基因选择的影响；对目的的miRNASNP以固始鸡资源群体为素材，进行SNP与性状遗传效应分析；对与生产性能高度相关的SNP不同基因型的基因表达、蛋白表达和miRNA表达差异间关系分析。明确miRNASNP对鸡肉质和生长等性状形成的作用，揭示miRNASNP影响miRNA合成、成熟，以及对前体二级结构的影响和对靶基因表达的调控，为研究鸡性状形成的的分子机理提供理论依据。

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recently discovered a type of small non-coding RNA that perform their function in the posttranscriptional gene regulation. MiRNAs not only regulate complex phenotype in animal, but miR-SNPs may also affect miRNA dysfunction, resulting in biological phenotypic traits variation. In this study, we used bioinformatics method to select and identify SNP sites in chicken miRNAs.For each of these variants,Northern blotting and real time were performed to validate the effects of the SNP on processing of miRNAs, and Luciferase repoter was adopt to detect the effects on miRNAs target gene expression. The resource population generated from Gushi (G) chicken and Anka (A) broilers was used as research materials, we analyzed the genetic effect between genotypes and traits, studied the relationship of SNP genotypes which were highly relevant to the production performance with gene expression , protein expression differences and miRNAs expression differences. The purpose of the study was to clarify the role of miRNA-SNP to the formation of chicken growth and meat traits. Reveal how miRNA-SNP affects miRNAs synthesis, mature, and the regulation role to secondary structure of the precursor miRNA and target gene expression, providing evidence for the chicken traits formation molecular mechanism.