基于分子谱系地理学探讨白芷的栽培起源

白芷是我国大宗常用药材，主要栽培类型有祁白芷、禹白芷、杭白芷、川白芷等。有研究认为，四者为相同种质，均来源于台湾当归（Angelica dahurica var. formosana），先由浙闽野生种群变家种成杭白芷，再发展到川白芷，又发展到祁（禹）白芷。但中国植物志认为，祁（禹）白芷和杭（川）白芷是白芷（A. dahurica）的两个栽培变种。各类白芷的基原植物分类地位和栽培起源到底如何？特别是在浙江一带长期栽培的杭白芷，至今在当地没有发现野生分布；其为从台湾引种到浙江而成？还是大陆的野生白芷在浙江引种驯化后变成台湾当归再分布到闽、台，而今野生种群仅孑遗于台湾？针对上述问题，本项目拟以白芷的四种栽培类型、白芷和台湾当归为研究对象，进行大尺度、多基因水平上（叶绿体DNA和核SSR标记）的亲缘地理学研究，以明确栽培白芷的物种和地理起源及驯化历史。本研究可为白芷的种质创新和可持续利用提供指导。

Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) is a commonly used herbal medicine in China.Currently, the main four cultivated types("Qibaizhi","Yubaizhi","Hangbaizhi","Chuanbaizhi") have been recognized. Some have argued that all the four cultivar types were originated from Angelica dahurica var.formosana and were changed from one another during their long domestication history. The wild populations of A. dahurica var. formosana distributed in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces firstly became domestic Hangbaizhi, and then developed into Chuanbaizhi. Subsequently, Chuanbaizhi gradually evolved into Qibaizhi (Yubaizhi). However, these four cultivated types were only recognized as two cultivars in the flora of China: "Qibaizhi" and "Yubaizhi" are recognized as A. dahurica 'Qibaizhi', and "Hangbaizhi" and "Chuanbaizhi" are recognized as A. dahurica 'Hangbaizhi'. The taxonomic status of the original plant of these cultivated types as well as their domestic history is still in debate. Especially, the cultivated type “Hangbaizhi”, has long been cultivated in Zhejiang Province while its local natural distribution has never been reported. Was it A. dahurica var. formosana introduced from Taiwan? Or was it A. dahurica native to North China domesticated in Zhengjiang, and formed the variety A. dahurica var. formosana, which was subsequently naturalized in Fujian and Taiwan, but now survives only in Taiwan?. To answer the above questions, we are going to conduct a large-scale and multi-locus phylogeography study of four cultivated types of Baizhi, A. dahurica and A. dahurica var. formosana. The aim is to clarify the cultivation origin and domestication history of these cultivated types. This study would make important contributions to the germplasm innovation and sustainable utilization of Baizhi.