锂硫电池是最具应用前景的高能量密度二次电池之一。其当前面临的主要问题包括硫电极活性物质利用率低、电极反应动力学慢、多硫化物中间产物的穿梭效应等。本项目拟设计“蛋黄-蛋壳”微纳结构复合正极材料，通过对“蛋黄”和“蛋壳”进行调控，优化硫复合方式和条件，获得高载硫量、快速反应动力学、高稳定性正极材料。通过考察复合材料组成、结构、形貌、界面性质与其电化学性能的相互关系，揭示电极结构与性能之间的构效关系；通过建立复合材料的电极动力学模型，采用原位的电化学、谱学、显微以及各种离线的表征测试手段，深入研究电极的液-液、液-固、固-液转化反应动力学过程，明确“蛋黄-蛋壳”结构作为纳米反应器对锂硫转化反应的催化强化机制；本项目的实施将丰富电化学储能材料的制备科学内容，深化电极反应过程和机理认知，为构筑高性能正极材料，促进锂硫电池商业化，提供研究思路和理论指导，具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

Lithium–sulfur battery is considered as one of the most promising high-energy-density secondary batteries. Currently, its main problems include low utilization of sulfur active material in the cathode, sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics, the shuttle effects of polysulfide intermediates, and so on. We intend to rationally design “yolk–shell” micro-/nanostructured composite cathode materials and optimize the compositing methods and conditions for sulfur through the regulations of “yolk” and “shell”. The research target is to obtain cathode material with a high sulfur content, fast reaction kinetics, and excellent stability. Moreover, we will investigate the effects of compositions, structures, morphology and interface properties on the electrochemical performance to reveal the structure–activity relationship. Moreover, we will establish an electrode dynamics model for these micro-/nanostructured composite electrodes and will adopt a series of in-situ electrochemical, spectroscopic, microscopic characterization and various off-line measurements to investigate the liquid–liquid, liquid–solid, and solid–liquid kinetics of sulfur conversion reactions, which further helps to clarify the mechanism of catalysis and reaction intensification in the unique “yolk–shell” nanoreactors. The implementation of this project will enrich the scientific content of the preparation of electrochemical energy storage materials, deepen the cognition of the electrode reaction process and mechanism, provide research ideas and theoretical guidance for the construction of high- performance cathode materials, and promote the commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries. Therefore, this project is of significant importance in both theoretical research and practical application.