柴油机广泛用于汽车，在航空教练机、私人飞机及中低空无人机等通用航空领域的应用也日益增加。煤直接液化柴油DCLD是在我国率先成熟、大批量生产，且品质优于石化柴油。针对其迥异于石化柴油的烃族组成、理化和燃烧特性，本项目研制快速采集装置，以采集火焰不同位置的碳烟颗粒；采用目前最先进的结构分析工具——原子力显微镜，在燃烧基础试验装置和柴油机上研究喷雾扩散燃烧和低温燃烧所致碳烟颗粒的三维形貌和力学特性，包括颗粒聚集状态、结构、尺寸、不规则度及碳烟颗粒粘附能和与其动能的关系、碳烟颗粒团聚效率、抵抗形变能力。研究分子结构即环烷烃环数、交叉反应、燃烧方式、燃烧边界条件包括湍流对燃烧致碳烟颗粒特性的影响规律，揭示煤直接液化柴油初始碳核形成、长大和氧化的基本规律、机理及其与石化柴油的异同.本研究为碳烟颗粒的机内机外净化提供原理性和试验依据。

Diesel engines are used to automobiles widely, and also training planes, private aircraft, low-altitude unmanned planes and other general aviation applications increasingly. Direct coal liquefaction diesel (DCLD) has been put into mass production firstly in China, and its quality is better than petro-diesel. Because of its different hydrocarbon groups composition, combustion, physico-chemical properties from petro-diesel, this project will develop a rapid electrically-driven probe to collect soot particles at different positions within spray flame. By using the most advanced structural analysis means—AFM(atomic force microscopy),the three-dimensional morphology and mechanical property of DCLD combustion-generated soot particles were studied, such as particle aggregation state, structure, size, irregularity, relation between adhesion and its kinetic energy, cohesion efficiency of soot particles, and resistance to deformation. The effects of molecular structure corresponding to naphthene number, cross reaction, combustion mode, combustion boundary conditions including turbulence on the property of soot particles are concluded. The basic rule, mechanism of the initial carbon nucleation formation, growth and oxidation of DCLD are discussed. Its similarity and difference of soot particle characteristics between DCLD and petrochemical diesel are shown. The study will lay a mechanism and experimental foundation for in-cylinder and engine-out PM purification.