恐惧学习和奖赏学习是能够解释童年期创伤提升个体心理病理症状风险这一过程的核心机制。尽管现有研究已揭示恐惧和奖赏学习会受到童年期创伤的负面影响，但童年期创伤影响二者及其神经机制的过程是否存在敏感期尚不清楚。本项目拟采用心理学、认知神经科学、人工智能等多学科交叉的研究思路，运用问卷和量表评定、行为实验、功能磁共振成像、机器学习等方法和技术，创新性地开展两个模块的研究：（1）模块一借助机器学习预测技术，全面考察1-18岁发生的10种童年期创伤影响恐惧和奖赏学习及其神经机制的敏感期；（2）在模块一的基础上，模块二构建中介模型以分析敏感期发生的重要创伤能否通过影响恐惧和奖赏学习及其神经机制，进而提升一年后个体焦虑、抑郁和物质使用的风险；同时构建调节模型以检验父母支持和同伴支持在敏感期重要创伤影响恐惧和奖赏学习过程中的压力-缓冲效应。相关结果能够为针对童年创伤史人群开展心理干预提供科学依据。

Alterations in fear and reward learning represent a central mechanism through which childhood trauma is associated with an increased risk of developing psychopathology. Previous studies have reported the detrimental effect of childhood trauma on fear and reward learning; however, the sensitive period for damage in fear/ reward learning associated with childhood trauma and their underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective and methodologies from Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Artificial Intelligence, the present project will use methods and techniques including questionnaires and scales, machine learning, and functional magnetic resonance scan (fMRI) to address two research objectives. Specifically, this project aims to: (1) identify the sensitive period when severity of exposure to 10 types of trauma across each year of childhood was associated with fear/reward learning as well as their underlying neural mechanisms using random forest regression with conditional inference trees; and (2) test whether the neural mechanisms of fear/ reward learning could mediate the association between exposure to specific type of trauma during the sensitive period and maladaptive development (e.g., anxiety, depression, substance use) in the next year, as well as examine whether parental and peer support could buffer the risk of exposure to specific type of trauma during the sensitive period for fear/ reward learning and their neural mechanisms. Findings from this project could provide scientific evidence and implications for psychopathology interventions among individuals with the experience of childhood trauma.